









iP-'* 























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HISTORY OF THE EIGHTEENTH 

NEW HAMPSHIRE 

VOLUNTEERS 

1864-5 



BY 

THOMAS L. LIVERMORE 

Colonel of the Eegiment 




Boston, Mass. 

Ollir 3Fort i^ill f reaa 

176 TO 184 High Street 
1904 



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Gfft. 



(Ai . ^ . ^ nJltv-flv«-' 



TABLE OF CONTENTS 



The Period at which the Regiment was Organized ... 8 

Substitutes _ 8 

The Number in the State Available FOfe ^rvice in July, 1864 10 

The Expediency of Raising New REGiMErj>n;s 13 

Authority for Raising the Eighteenth New Hampshire Vol- 
unteers 14 

Personnel of the Eighteenth New Hampshire Volunteers . 18 

Beginning of the Organization 20 

Method of Organization 21 

Progress of the Organization 23 

Completion of the Companies and their Despatch to the Field . 26 

Change of Field Officers 29 

Officers Promoted 30 

Officers Commissioned but not Mustered 31 

City Point 31 

Service in Petersburg Trenches December 10-12, 1864 41 

Service in the Trenches at Bermuda Hundred .... 45 

Service in Fort Howard 46 

City Point, February 12 to March 17, 1865 48 

Order for Consolidation with another Regiment ... 49 

The Assault on Fort Stedman 51 

Assignment to Third Brigade, First Division, Ninth Army Corps 52 

The Engagement of March 29-30, 1864 53 

Major William I. Brown 55 

Events, March 30 to April 1 57 

The Battle at Petersburg, April 1-3, 1865 58 

Private B.vrker 61 

A Story of President Lincoln 66 

The Completion of the Regiment 69 

The Return to Washington 71 

Mortality and Health 74 

After Muster Out 74 

Previous Service of Officers 76 

Roster 80 

List of Deserters 119 



ILLUSTRATIONS 



OPPOSITE PAGE 

Regimental OflBcers and Officers' Quarters, Company C . Frontispiece. 

Members of Company A 18 

Members of Company B 20 

Quarters of Company D at City Point, Va 22 

Members of Company C 26 

Lieutenant-Colonel Clough 30 

Captains Kimball and Leamard, Adjt. Caswell, and Lieut. R. B. Porter 32 

Camp of Eighteenth New Hampshire Volunteers at City Point, Va. . . 38 

Officers' Quarters of Company E at City Point, Va 48 

Major Wm. I. Brown 56 

Captains Smith, WalUngford, Greenough and Gile 60 

Officers' Quarters, Company A, at City Point, Va. 64 

Members of Companies H, I, and K 70 

Members of Companies D, E, and H, and N. W. Gove .... 74 

Colonel Livermore 76 



ABBREVIATIONS 



W. R. — War of the Rebellion. A compilation of the Official Records of the 
Union and Confederate Armies. 

M. O. — Mustered Out. 

Wd. — Wounded. 

Disch. — Discharged. 

Disab. — Disability. 

Reg. Losses. — " Regimental Losses in the American Civil War," by Lieut.- 
Col. William B. Fox. 



In 



PREFACE 



This volume originated in the action of the Eighteenth 
New Hampshire Volunteers Veteran Association at its annual 
meetings, as follows: August 25, 1898, the President of the 
Association (John Drowne) and its Secretary (Lorenzo D. 
Bean) were instructed to correspond with the surviving 
officers of the regiment to get all obtainable data of the 
service of the regiment, and to turn them over to Capt. 
W. A. Gile for publication; August 24, 1899, the Asso- 
ciation appointed President Drowne, Lieutenant Gibbs, 
Samuel N. Robinson, and George S. Smith, with Captain 
Gile, a committee to prepare a history of the regiment for 
publication; August 22, 1900, the present writer was joined 
to the committee in place of President Drowne, deceased; 
August 29, 1901, the committee was discharged, and Messrs. 
Alfred D. Emery and Edmund P. Fox were appointed as a 
new committee with the same powers; August 27, 1902, the 
committee was continued for another year, during which 
the present writer, at the request of the Association, pre- 
pared and placed in the committee's hands that part of 
the history drawn from the official reports substantially 
as it appears in this volume; August 26, 1903, the com- 
mittee reported progress and, at its request, was discharged, 
and the Association voted to leave the whole matter to the 
present writer, who, prompted by a sense of duty rather 
than the ambition for authorship, thereupon assumed the 
preparation of the regimental history. 

The several committees requested, first of the officers, and 
later of all members of the regiment, narratives of their 



6 Preface 

experience and observation during service in the regiment and 
any other information useful in preparing the history, as well 
as photographs and records of prior service in other organiza- 
tions. Besides likenesses a number of letters, diaries, and 
narratives were collected by them, extracts from which have 
been used in the preparation of this volume, and credited in 
the text to their authors, Messrs. Haven, Dearborn, Parker, 
Chad wick. Bean, and Lovitt. 

The author is indebted to General Clough and Major Potter 
for matter which is credited to them in the text; to Captain 
Gile for substantial aid in the preparation of the roster, for 
much of the matter embodied in pages 36, 38, 39, 40, besides 
that credited to him in the text, and for photographs; to 
Major Greenough for the estimate of Major Brown and much 
of the other matter embodied in pages 21, 37, 38, 39, 55, 57, 
besides that credited to him in the text, and for photographs; 
and to Lorenzo D. Bean for the record of deaths assembled by 
him as Secretary of the regimental association. He is also 
indebted to Adjutant-General Ayling, of New Hampshire, for 
the facts furnished by him from the records and papers in his 
office and for those taken for this work from his very valuable 
" Revised Register of the Soldiers and Sailors of New Hamp- 
shire in the War of the Rebellion." 

It is a matter of great regret that the committee's requests 
for likenesses of members of the regiment were not more 
generally complied with. All the wartime pictures which 
were collected are reproduced in this volume. Although few, 
they will serve as types of the men in the regiment to those of 
later generations who shall be interested in learning what 
manner of men bore arms for the Union in the Civil War. 

THOMAS L. LIVERMORE. 
August 1, 1904. 



HISTORY 



OF THE 



EIGHTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE 
VOLUNTEERS 

1864-^ 



The history of a regiment, the preparation of which is 
begun as this one is, thirty-seven years after disbandment, 
must lack much of the color and many of the substantial 
facts which at an earlier day might have been drawn from 
the recollection of the survivors of the regiment whose num- 
bers are now much diminished; but the lapse of time having 
served to magnify the Civil War and its results, it has come 
to seem more desirable to place in permanent form a narra- 
tive of the organization and service of the Eighteenth New 
Hampshire Volunteers, which, although its term of service 
was less than a year and its contact with the enemy was brief, 
will be of interest to future readers of history, both because of 
the honorable part the regiment took in the closing scenes of 
the war and because it is a type of what its state could offer 
for the service of the nation at a time when its military 
strength and its patriotism had been subjected to the tre- 
mendous strain of over three years of the great war. While 
the writers take satisfaction in the belief that their work may 
be of historical value, they also find pleasure in the hope that 
it will give satisfaction to the regiment's surviving members 
and to the living kindred of their former comrades whose 
earthly career is closed, and that it will be of value as 
a contribution to the imperishable record of the unflinching 
patriotism and sturdy valor of the sons of the Granite State. 



8 Period at Which the Regiment was Organized 

The Period at Which the Regiment was Organized 

The regiment was organized during the fourth year of the 
Civil War, recruiting for it having been begun in August, 
1864. Many fierce battles had been fought, there had been 
two million enlistments in the Union Army,^ and about tliree 
hundred thousand of its soldiers had lost their lives in battle 
or by disease; but the end of the war was not yet in sight. 
Missouri and a large part of Arkansas had been recovered, 
the Mississippi had been opened to navigation, the Confed- 
erate ports had been effectually sealed, and Sherman's army 
had penetrated the Confederacy to Atlanta; but Hood's 
resolute army was still in the field, and Lee's veterans pre- 
sented to Grant a front still impenetrable after the tremendous 
battles between the Rapidan and the Weldon Railroad. 

Six hundred thousand more men were yet to respond to 
the President's call to the ranks of the Union Army. Of the 
two hundred and fifty thousand men who had volunteered for 
terms varying from three months to two years, the term of 
enlistment of all but seventeen thousand had expired before 
July, 1863,^ and the losses in the million who, in 1861 and 1862, 
had volunteered for three years ^ had been so great that great 
reenforcements were needed. Volunteering languished. The 
patriotic impulse which had led so many to enlist had been 
impaired by the many reverses to the Union arms, and 
recruiting was discouraged by the lukewarm and actively 
opposed by the disloyal citizens of the North. It had become ' 
apparent that resort must be had to conscription, and March 
3, 1863, Congress enacted the first law for what were called 
" the drafts.''^* 

Substitutes 

This act provided that drafted men might furnish sub- 
stitutes to take their places in the draft, and this provision 

' Numbers and Losses in the Civil War, 50. 
^ 3 Mess, and Doc., War Dept., 1SG5-G, 12, 13. 



Suhstihdes 9 

proved to be the beginning of a sad chapter in the miUtary 
annals of the country. The large bounties offered for sub- 
stitutes attracted a great many men, chiefly of foreign bTth, 
who enlisted with the sole purpose of obtaining the bounty 
and then deserting — the so-called " bounty junipers." The 
provost marshal-general of the United States Army ^ in his 
report said: " It is a notorious circumstance that the great 
mass of professional bounty jumpers were Europeans, . . . ad- 
venturers, unworthy of any country, who had no affection for 
the republic and enlisted only for money. , . . The bounty 
was meant to be an inducement to enlistment; it became, 
in fact, an inducement to desertion and fraudulent reenlist- 
ment." And again: " The services rendered by a large number 
of substitutes have been valuable, while in some instances the 
reverse of this is true, owing, in part, to the disreputable 
character of the substitutes themselves and the bad influences 
brought to bear upon them by an unprincipled class of men 
usually termed ' substitute brokers,' ' who tempted them 
and instructed them in the arts of desertion and bounty 
jumping,' " and that under the large bounties " a set of des- 
perate characters presented themselves who would enlist and 
' jump ' bounties as often as opportunities presented. A 
man now in the Albany penitentiary, undergoing an imprison- 
ment of four years, confessed to having jumped the bounty 
thirty-two times." The state of New Hampshire suffered 
greatly by the acceptance of these men for the ranks of its 
regiments. A count of the names in the " Register of New 
Hampshire Soldiers and Sailors " shows that 4,576 substitutes 
were mustered into service and that 3,500 of them deserted, 
including (as is undoubtedly correct) about 1,000 of whom 
the rolls contain no further record after that of muster in, or 
despatch for, the regiments. The rolls of old and tried 
regiments, some of which had won imperishable glorj^, are 
marred by records of recruits of this character, such as, " De- 
» 3 Mess, and Doc, War Dept., 1865-6, 75, 76, 152, 153. 



10 Number in the State Available for Service 

serted to the enemy"; "Forwarded from draft rendezvous, 
no further record "; " Deserted April 25, 1864, returned May 
11, 1864, deserted November 8, 1864"; " DeHvered to regi- 
ment March 14, 1865, City Point, Va., no further record"; 
" Deserted en route to regiment "; " Killed while attempting 
to desert "; " Deserted to the enemy while on picket "; " Ex- 
ecuted by sentence of general court-martial"; "Deserted, 
— jumped overboard from steamer en route to regiment." 

There was nothing in the mere enlistment as a substitute 
to deprive a man of an honorable character, and it is gratifying 
to find that 1,000 of the 4,576 substitutes enlisted by the state 
of New Hampshire fulfilled their contract by serving until 
discharged or dying in the performance of their duty. Not a 
few of them met the death of brave men in battle and some 
received well-merited promotion for good service. The 
record of these faithful men affords convincing proof that 
with proper discrimination in accepting substitutes the state 
might have sent, in place of the deserters, 3,500 men who 
would have been good recruits for the ranks of the depleted 
regiments. The evils which actually resulted from enlisting 
substitutes came from the indifference of the authorities to 
the character of those who were accepted as recruits. Some 
guaranty of character, such as making the principal liable to 
take the place of his substitute if the latter should desert, or 
withholding payment of the bounty for enlisting vmtil termi- 
nation of service, would have averted the disgrace of the 
desertions and the loss of several million dollars invested in 
the worthless rabble of deserters who were accepted as 
substitutes for New Hampshire men. 

The Number in the State Available for Service 
IN July, 1864 

At the time of the President's call of July, 1864, for more 
men, there were about fourteen thousand left in New Hamp- 



Number in the State Available for Service 11 

shire within the mihtary age and not exempt from draft, as 
shown by the following demonstration: 

The census of 1860 recorded 70,410 males from eighteen to 
forty-four years of age. Adding about 19,000 for those who, 
from 1860 to 1864, arrived at the age of eighteen, gives a 
total of 89,000 within the age liable in 1861-4 to military 
service. Of this number about 32,000 had entered the 
service prior to July, 1864. This number is reached by 
deducting from 38,943 enlistments noted in the " Register of 
New Hampshire Soldiers and Sailors" (p. 1223) 120 furnished 
under the call of July, 1864,^ 1,293 enlistments under the call 
of December, 1864,^ 413 veteran reserve corps, 1,200 for mem- 
bers of First New Hampshire Volunteers and unattached 
companies who had reenlisted or were available for service, 
and 4,000 for substitutes who were not citizens of New 
Hampshire. Computing the natural deaths among the 
remaining 57,000 by the average rate at 17,000, and 
the number who arrived at the age of forty-six before 
1864 at 10,000, there would remain 30,000 as the 
number within the age for miltary service; some had left 
the state, but it is probably safe to accept this number in 
view of the enrollment of 26,302 April 30, 1865." Of this 
30,000 it is estimated that, at the same per cent as that of the 
exempts in New Hampshire under the drafts July, 1863, to 
July, 1864, in which 10,476 were drawn and 5,453 were 
exempted,* 52 per cent were exempt from service by 
physical disability or other cause. Without doubt, many of the 
remainder of 14,400 were kept at home by burdens and duties 
which justly outweighed the call to service, and it is possible 
that many of them who were engaged in providing the muni- 
tions of war and transportation, in civil administration, and in 
other work in aid of the armies in the field were rendering 

1 3 Mess and Doc, War Dept., 1865-6, 198. 
^ 1 Adjt.-Gen.'s Report, N. H., 1865, xxxviii. 
3 3 Mess, and Doc, War Dept., 1865, 157. 
*Ibid., 1865-6, 174, 175, 184, 198. 199. 



12 Nimiher in the State Available for Service 

service quite as essential as bearing arms; but without taking 
such men into account there was an ample reserve free to 
enlist, and it was high time for the state authorities to aban- 
don the practice of enlisting substitutes and once more to call 
for volunteers to reenforce the army/ Patriotic impulse, 
which, as stated above, had become impaired by the early 
part of 1863, had been revived to a degree by the successes 
at Vicksburg, Gettysburg, and Chattanooga, but the tremen- 
dous losses of the Wilderness and Petersburg campaigns, from 
which no adequate result was then apparent, had again 
greatly discouraged efforts to raise troops by volunteering. 
At the same time the greatly increased rewards for labor in 
the active state of business then prevalent in the North did 
much to dissuade the able-bodied young men from service in 
the army. 

The evils of the substitute system were soon to impress 
themselves in all their enormity upon the state authorities. 
The adjutant-general of the state, August 24, 1864, in a 
circular to the selectmen of the towns urging the encourage- 
ment of voluntary enlistments of the inhabitants, said: 
" I should feel that I had not discharged my duty if I failed 
to call your attention to the incalculable benefit which the 
enlistments of our own inhabitants will render to the country 
— one regiment of such men is more desirable than a brigade 
of substitutes," and the governor in his proclamation of 
January 4, 1865, stating that hundreds of men forwarded to 
the regiments had never been received, that hundreds more 
had deserted to the enemy on the first opportunity, and that 
such men were disgracing the state and making the names of 
some of its best regiments a byword and a reproach, 
announced that, " The honor of the state demands a change 
in this respect, and . . . the change shall be made," and 
appealed for volunteers.^ 

* Adjt.-Gen.'s Report, N. H., 1865, xxxvi. 
^ Ibid., xxxviii. 



Expediency of Raising Neiv Regiments 13 

It is probable that the response which had ah'eady been 
made to the call of the state officials for volunteers for the 
First New Hampshire Heavy Artillery and the Eighteenth 
New Hampshire ^'olunteers, by revealing to them the willing- 
ness of men to volunteer, had encouraged the governor to 
take this resolute stand. It is appropriate to here note that as 
against the fourteen thousand men of military capacity in the 
state over two thousand volunteered in these two regiments, 
and these volunteers, unlike the greater part of the sub- 
stitutes, were citizens, and, mainly, natives of the state and 
self-respecting men from the farms, trades, and professions, 
as shown further along in the review of the personnel of the 
Eighteenth New Hampshire Volunteers. 

The Expediency of Raising New Regiments Instead 
OF Recruits for Old Ones 

From April, 1863, to August, 1864, the state raised no new 
regiments, but, excepting seven companies of the First New 
England Cavalry and two companies of artillery for the 
defense of Portsmouth, all its recruits were sent to old regi- 
ments then in the field. The advantage of sending recruits 
to fill the ranks of old regiments over sending them organized 
in new ones is axiomatic, and yet this advantage was not 
invariable as applied to volunteers in the Civil War, for it 
was sometimes the case that regiments which took the field 
with inefficient officers never recovered from that misfortune, 
and, as compared to such regiments, even after long service, 
new regiments, well officered, were sometimes preferable. 
If there had been established a system of organizing n^giments 
into three battalions and keeping two in the field and one in 
the state to receive, drill, and discipline recruits, it is probable 
that much greater success would have been had in attracting 
citizens as recruits for such regiments than that which at- 
tended the attempt to induce them to enlist for assignment 



14 Authority for Raising the Eighteenth 

to regiments in which they saw they would be strangers and 
would be under officers of whose character, disposition, and 
competency they were ignorant. To the young man who 
desired to serve his country, the new regiment offered much 
greater attractions. He enlisted under a captain or lieutenant 
from his neighborhood. He had for comrades friends and 
old schoolmates and for a colonel some well-known citizen, 
perhaps some soldier of established reputation. Each one 
started on a level with the rest of the regiment, and had an 
equal chance for promotion. Besides this, the presence of the 
regiment in camp in the state, with its banners, music, and 
parade, stirred the latent military ardor of those who thought 
of enlisting. The fortune of war which awaited the regiment 
was undetermined, and always might be better than that of 
the regiments in the field whose places were fixed in brigade, 
division, or corps, and whose lot perhaps was cast with seeming 
permanency in front of some grim miles of earthworks brist- 
ling with hostile cannon. Such considerations, with perhaps 
others, persuaded the governor of New Hampshire, as will be 
seen in his despatches quoted further on, that in the autumn 
of 1864 recruiting citizens of the state for new regiments 
presented small difficulty, while recruiting for old ones was 
impossible. It is entirely probable that representations made 
by him to this effect led to the following despatch ^ : 

Authority for Raising the Eighteenth New 
Hampshire Volunteers 

War Dept., Provost Marshal-General's Office, 
August 22, 1864. 
The Governor of New Hampshire, Concord, N. H. 

You are authorized to raise one new regiment of infantry. Full 
instructions by mail. 

Jas. B. FrYj Provost Marshal-General. 

' 125 W. K., 634. 



Authority for Raising the Eighteenth 15 

The result was instructive on the question whether it was 
better at that juncture to raise new regiments than to per- 
sist in recruiting tlie old ones indiscriminately. As shown 
in the statement of the personnel of the regiment below, 
about eighty per cent of the officers and twenty per cent 
of the rank and file were veterans who had seen service 
during the Civil War in other organizations, so that the 
inexperienced recruits had all the advantage of instruction 
by experienced officers and association with practiced soldiers 
that they would have had in some of the old regiments then 
in the field in which there were not over two hundred veterans 
present for duty. In view of the fact that there were many 
discharged veterans in the country, it probably would have 
been the part of wisdom to employ them as far as possible for 
the foundation of new regiments which would have attracted 
native recruits, rather than resort to the baleful practice of 
enlisting substitutes. 

Two months in camp in the state would have been sufficient 
for imparting to a regiment like the Eighteenth New Hamp- 
shire the requisite drill, discipline, and practice to fit it for a 
campaign. Under such conditions as those under which most 
of the New Hampshire regiments served in the field in 1864 
there was but little chance to impart to their recruits any 
drill or any discipline except that incident to the performance 
of the irregular, arduous, and perilous duty of the trench or 
picket line, in close contact with an alert and active enemy. 
There can be no doubt that under the circumstances existing 
in the last half of 1864 new regiments composed of the material 
then available and drilled and disciplined by experienced 
ofiicers for two months before taking the field would have 
given the country better service than was given by the re- 
cruits who were actually sent to, and stayed to serve in, the old 
regiments in the trenches. These attenuated regiments, with 
all their experience and valor, were unable to mold the recruits 
who stayed with the colors into good soldiers soon enough to 



16 Authority for Raising the Eighteenth 

preserve the regimental prestige and pride from the injuries 
inflicted by the want of training, to say nothing of the dis- 
grace incurred from the perfidy of those who deserted. One 
of the saddest incidents of the Civil War M^as the subjection 
of the Second Army Corps, of glorious reputation, to dishonor 
at Ream's Station, by the infirmity of the recruits with which 
its ranks were encumbered. Before that unhappy day this 
corps had fought the hard battles of two years with un- 
blemished honor, and the impairment of its proud record in 
this battle is to be attributed to the raw recruits in its ranks, 
who had not acquired the steadiness which holds the veteran 
in his place in the hour of peril. 

General Hancock was called from the field late in 1864 to 
raise an army corps by enlistment of the discharged veterans. 
By April, 1865, he had assembled about eleven thousand men.^ 
If this brilliant soldier had been at liberty to raise new regi- 
ments, each with a nucleus of twenty per cent of veterans as a 
minimum, it is entirely probable that he would have had a 
corps of twenty thousand men ready to take the field in 
February, 1865. If in future wars rigid conscription is not 
to be enforced when recruiting for old regiments in the field 
languishes, the authorities can profitably consider the system 
which resulted in regiments like that which is the subject of 
this history, as an alternative for the three battalion system 
above referred to. It would be presumptuous to omit here 
the following correspondence of Generals Grant and Meade 
on the subject of filling old regiments rather than recruiting 
new ones. It is possible that their opinons might have been 
modified if they had had the assurance that the proposed new 
regiments should contain as large a proportion of experienced 
officers and men as were assembled in the Eighteenth. 

' Reg. Losses, 527, note; 95 W. R., 524-527. 



Authority for Raising the Eighteenth 17 

Washington, December 24, 1S64. 
Lieutenant-General Grant : 

Applications are made by governors of states to raise new regiments 
of volunteers under the recent call for 300,000 men. Although it is 
easier to raise the men by new regiments, the desire of the department 
has been, so far as practicable, to secure new recruits for old regiments, 
and then keep up their organization. Before any authorizations to 
raise new regiments are given, the Secretary of War desires your 
views on the subject. Please reply fully by telegraph. 

Thomas M. Vincent, Assistant Adjutant-General. 

City Point, Va., 
December 24, 1864, 9 p.m. 
(Same to General ^leade.) 
Hon. E. M. Stanton: 

I would much prefer seeing the 300,000 men called for go in to fill 
up old organizations than to see them come out in new regiments. It 
will be much more economical, and the men will be more effective 
under tried officers and alongside disciplined men. Unless there will 
be a great saving of time in getting men into the field by accepting 
regiments, I would not recommend new regiments. 

U. S. Grant, Lieidenant-Gencral. 

Headquarters of the Potomac, 
December 24, 1864, 9 p.m. 
i\lAJOR Thomas M. Vincent, Assistant Adjutant-General, 
Washington : 
This army now contains 2,490 company organizations, divided into 
316 regiments and a number of battalions, and is deficient in enlisted 
men to fill these organizations to the maximum over 84,000 men. I 
am unhesitatingly of the opinion that the efficiency of this army will 
be more speedily effected by filling the existing organizations rather 
than adding new regiments. The latter may be more speedily raised, 
but the former will be the soonest efficient, as new regiments require 
considerable time to be broken in. Many of the regiments and battal- 
ions are now consolidated into fewer companies than a full organiza- 
tion. There Avould be no objection, in my judgment, in such cases in 
adding new companies, and if it is finally determined that new organi- 
zations are to be raised, I would then suggest the immediate con- 
solidation of the several skeleton, regiments and battalions from each 



18 Personnel of the Eighteenth 

state into full and efficient regiments, the surplus officers to be trans- 
ferred to the new organizations. 

George G. Meade, Major-General. 

If General Meade's suggestions regarding the transfer of 
surplus officers had been adopted and extended to sending 
them to their states to assist in recruiting and organizing the 
new regiments, it would probably have greatly accelerated 
the work, as well as the work of converting the men into 
soldiers. 



Personnel of the Eighteenth New Hampshire 
Volunteers 

The regiment was composed entirely of volunteers. It had 
no drafted men and only one substitute. Of the 961 men 
who joined the regiment, 832 were natives of the United 
States and 644 were natives of New Hampshire, or 67 per cent 
as against 53 per cent natives of New Hampshire in the other 
organizations of the state in the Civil War, excluding the 
4,576 substitutes. Three hundred and seventy-five were 
farmers, 343 were mechanics and craftsmen, 47 were students, 
clerks and of the professions, 117 were of various other call- 
ings, and only 78 were laborers. Proof of the high physical 
standard of the regiment is found in the recorded stature of 
the members. Fifty-six were 6 feet and over, 459 were 5 feet 8 
inches and over, and the average of all heights was about 5 feet 
and 8 inches. They were mainly young men. One hundred 
and sixty-seven were eighteen and under, 61 were nineteen, 
103 were twenty and 80 were twenty-one including the 
colonel and three captains and three lieutenants. Eight 
hundred and thirty-seven were thirty-five and under, while 590 
were recorded as twenty-five and under. The average of all 
ages as recorded was 25.59 years. One hundred and eighty- 
eight members, including 31 of the 39 officers, had served in the 
Civil War before joining the regiment. This account of the 






GEORGE R. JEFTS, COMPANY A 
SERG. CHARLES L. GREEN, COMPANY A 



MICHAEL DUFFEY, COMPANY A 
PATRICK M. FOOT, COMPANY A 



Personnel of the Eighteenth 19 

occupation, age, and previous service of the members of the 
regiment shows that upon the whole the late enlistment in 
this regiment was not a mark of late patriotism. Without 
doubt numbers of the young men in enlisting recorded them- 
selves as being older than they were in fact, in order to avoid 
the question of admission under the military age; but, taking 
the ages as recorded, the 167 at eighteen years had not reached 
the military age until 1864, while the 61 at nineteen years of 
age had not reached it until September, 1863, and the 103 at 
twenty had not reached it until September, 1862. The total 
of these numbers and the 188 who had served before is 519. 
Of those who were of military age it is fair to assume that 
quite as many had delayed enlisting from necessity or from 
duty to others as had delayed without as good a reason. 
Allowing for the men who waited for the chance to join a new 
regiment, not a great many of the Eighteenth are left who can 
be suspected of having been attracted to it only by high 
bounties, or by the expectation that the end of the war was 
near. The record is not a discreditable one when compared 
with that of the great body of enthusiastic patriots who, 
within the first sixteen months of the war and before the draft 
was invoked, volunteered for three years' service, and by 
whom the larger part of the burden of the war was borne. 
These enlistments were 1,316,556 out of the total 2,898,304 
during the war,^ and of them the Conite de Paris wrote in his 
" History of the Civil War in America " (p. 184) : " The average 
age of the volunteers who enlisted in America before any 
conscription had taken place was between twenty-four and 
twenty-five years." 

It is most regrettable that the fair promise of such a per- 
sonnel as that of the Eighteenth should be marred by what 
the regimental history cannot omit to notice — the record of 83 
desertions. The only " substitute " in the regiment lived up 
to the reputation of the worst of that class by making himself 

^ Numbers and Losses in the Civil War, 50. 



20 Beginning of the Organization 

one of this number. Following the roster of the regiment 
(post, page 119) are the names and record of those in this list, 
the time and place of whose desertion marked them as belated 
" boimty jumpers " who, probably because they found that 
the enlistment of substitutes was no longer favored, took the 
honorable name of volunteers under which to enlist in the 
regiment. Eighteen of them deserted on the way to the ren- 
dezvous or before being assigned to a company, and, there- 
fore, are not chargeable to the regiment and should not be 
and are not herein counted as members of it, and 50 more, 
by deserting before leaving for, or on the way to, the front, 
morally lost the right to be counted among those who were 
faithful to their engagement. The regiment is not fairly 
chargeable with them, because they never were ranged under 
its colors and never came under the influence of its com- 
manders or of association with the honorable men who filled 
its ranks, and never felt the spirit of the corps which animated 
and uplifted its members to steadfast and faithful service. 
Of the 46 deserters who were foreign born 35 are in this 
list, and 19 others who credited their birth to states other 
than New Hampshire are also in this list. Entire confidence 
is not to be placed in the claim of any one of these deserters 
to a birthplace in New Hampshire or any other state. Omit- 
ting from the rolls of the regiment the names of those who by 
deserting before reaching the front forfeited the right to be 
counted as members of the regiment, the remaining 15 who 
deserted were less than two per cent of its strength in the 
ten months' service of the regiment. 

Beginning of the Organization 

Under the authority of the despatch of August 22, 1S64, 
above quoted, Governor Gilmore, on the same day, appointed 
Charles H. Bell of Exeter — afterwards governor — colonel, 
with authority to raise the Eighteenth New Hampshire Yo]- 







CHARLES H. DIMMICK, COMPANY B CORP. ALBRIDGE EATON, COMPANY 8 

1ST SERG. LEWIS F. DAVIS, COMPANY B HALE CHADWICK COMPANY B 



MetJiod of Organization 21 

unteers. Mr. Bell was a gentleman of such position and repu- 
tation in the conniiunity as to have great influence in attract- 
ing volunteers. He at once began to raise the regiment. He 
designated the recruiting officers for companies A, B, C, D, 
E, F, and G, and named captains and lieutenants. His active 
interest in the matter had much to do with the quickness 
with which these companies were recruited. Col. James W. 
Carr of Manchester, who had lately retired from the Second 
New Hampshire Volunteers, in which hard-fighting regiment 
he had served with distinction for three years, was appointed 
lieutenant-colonel, and immediately devoted himself to 
recruiting for the regiment. His reputation, gained by 
service in the field, gave confidence to those joining the 
regiment who thought of the benefits to be gained from 
experienced guidance and instruction in military duties, and 
aided in attracting recruits. 

Method of Organization 

Besides the officers of the companies above mentioned, 
Colonel Bell selected the adjutant and quartermaster. Those 
selected for company officers were chosen primarily for their 
character and experience, and, secondarily, for the ability to 
secure recruits which they were presumed to have. Colonel 
Bell, although himself not a trained soldier, displayed rare 
judgment of men, great ability in organizing, and — what 
was of the greatest importance to the future of the regiment — 
the strongest resistance to the clamors of politicians who 
sought commissions for their friends on political grounds. 
He selected for company officers men who, though (with one 
exception) veterans in service, were mainly young in years, 
and he repeatedly urged upon recruiting officers the im- 
portance of getting as many veterans as possible in the rank 
and file. 

The method of raising aijd bringing in the companies is 



22 Method of Organization 

well typified in the following account of raising one of the 
companies, given by Captain Greenough: 

" August 22, 1864, at Concord, where I had been called by 
him, I received from Hon. Charles H. Bell, who had been 
named for colonel of the regiment, a proposal to assist in 
recruiting men for this service. Having at this time fully 
recovered from a serious and protracted debility resulting from 
a year's service in the army, and being anxious to reenter the 
service, I gladly accepted. Three days later, having returned 
to my native town with the necessary authority, I opened re- 
cruiting headquarters in the Town Hall, and nine men, all res- 
idents in, and all but one natives of, the town, enlisted on 
that day. During the next few days six more from adjoining 
towns added their names to the enlistment roll. It seems to me 
that in this connection it may not be out of place to record 
some few facts that should, and I believe will, have value in 
proving the strong and enduring patriotism of the people of 
New Hampshire. The conditions affecting volmiteering 
which prevailed at this time in my town were practically 
those of the whole state. This town, with a total population 
of less than twelve hundred, had, prior to August, 1S64, 
given ninety-two of her sons to the service of their country in 
the Civil War, and between that time and March, 1865, thirty- 
four more, making a total of more than ten per cent of its popu- 
lation (not counting reenlistments or substitutes). Of this 
nimiber twenty-three joined the Eighteenth Regiment. Early 
in September it was proposed that the recruits from my town 
and vicinity should be consolidated in a company with those 
enlisted by another veteran of the Civil War in a neighboring 
city and some unassigned recruits from other sections of the 
state, and my company was thus formed. The lieutenants, 
nearly all the non-commissioned officers, and some of the 
privates had seen previous service. Out of 86 on the roll, 81 
were born in the United States, 80 in the New England states 
and 60 in New Hampshire. The average age was 26.5 years 
and the average height 5 feet 8 inches. There were 32 farmers, 
38 mechanics and handicraftsmen, 5 professional men, 10 of 
various callings, and 3 laborers. The company was assembled 
in Concord in ' Camp Head,' and there uniforms and camp 
equipage, except tents, were issued to it. A furlough of a 




'T^SS. 





'Progress of the Organization 23 

few days was then given to enable the members to visit their 
homes. The company reassembled at ' Camp Head,' Sep- 
tember 30, and, after hasty preparations for leaving the 
state for active service, the company with two others left 
for the front." 



Progress of the Organization 

Five companies ^ — A, B, C, D, and E — were mustered 
into the United States service at Concord from September 
12 to 30. A correspondence by telegraph between Governor 
Gilmore and the War Department, beginning during this 
period, explains the despatch of the regiment to the field in 
fragments. It was as follows:* 

Concord, September 2S, 1864. 
Hon. E. M. Stanton: 

I have the honor to request that the Eighteenth Regiment, now 
being organized in the state, be allowed to remain until said organiza- 
tion is complete. By granting this I am satisfied that said organization 
can be completed at a much earlier date than by sending oft" by com- 
panies. It is believed, by report from assistant provost marshal- 
general, that the entire qiiota of the state will be full in about two 
weeks. From General Orders No. 131 I understand that the regiment 
is under my control until fully mustered in. I will use all means in my 
power to fill said regiment with all possible despatch. I shall retain 
them here until I have positive orders from you. Please answer at 
once by telegi-aph. J. A. Gilmore, Governor. 

War Department, Washington, 
September 28, 18G4. 
Governor Gilmore, Concord: 

Every man must come forward without an hour's delay. The 
Eighteenth Regiment, New Hampshire Volunteers, caiuiot be detained 
to complete the organization, but all enlisted men must hasten here 
now. This department relies upon your energy and patriotic feeling 
to urge them on. 

Edwin M. Stanton, Secretary of Wm\ 

'' 125 W. R., 748, 749, 756, 702. 



24 Progress of the Organization 

Concord, September 29, 1864. 
Hon. E. M. Stanton: 

I am in receipt of your despatch. Two companies of the Eighteenth 
will leave here to-morrow morning. Three more companies will leave 
in a clay or two, — just as soon as we can send them. 

J. A. GiLMORE. 

There can be no doubt that the despatch of these five com- 
panies to the field in advance of the rest of the regiment 
tended to retard the completion of the regiment, for the 
reason that it raised doubts in the minds of possible recruits 
whether if they enlisted in the companies to be raised pro- 
fessedly for this new regiment they would not be destined to 
fill up the ranks of old regiments then in the field. That such 
doubts discouraged enlistments is shown in the correspond- 
ence a few days later, as follows : ^ 

Concord, N. H., October 6, 1864. 
Hon. E. M. Stanton: 

It has been intimated by United States officials here that the War 
Department will give no further time to complete the organization 
of the Eighteenth New Hampshire, and Captain Silvey [United States 
mustering officer] refuses to muster regimental officers to which the 
number [of] men mustered into regiment entitles us. Is this by your 
instructions? I trust not, for if the five companies which I have just 
sent to the field without organization, at your urgent request, should 
be consolidated with another regiment, volunteering would receive 
its death blow in New Hampshire. We could not raise another 
company except by draft. I have complied with every request of 
yours in regard to this last call, all I ask in return is that the organi- 
zation of the Eighteenth may be completed. I will fill it to the 
maximum with New Hampshire men. J. A. Gilmore. 

War Dept., Provost Marshal-General's Office, 
WAsmNGTON, D. C, October 7, 1864. 
Gov. J. A. Gilmore, Concord, N. H. 

I regret to learn through Captain Silvey that volunteering is nearly 
at a standstill in your state. I sincerely hope you will be able to keep 

' 125 W. I {.,748, 749, 756,702. 



Progress of the Organization 25 

it going long enough to fill up the Eighteenth Regiment and the 
artillery companies. 

James B. Fry, Provost Marshal-General. 

Chester, Vt., October 10, 1S64. 
Gen. J. B. Fry: 

Your telegram reached me here. I return home to-day. I shall do 
all I can to fill the Eighteenth Regiment and Twelfth Company of 
artillery, but can't get another man unless I am able to promise that 
the organization of the Eighteenth shall be completed and preserved. 
Am ready to continue the paj'ment of the state bounties, and shall urge 
our towns to do the same, even after their quotas are full. 

J. A. GiLMORE, Governor of !Vew Hampshire. 

Washington, October 10, 1864. 
Gov. J. A. GiLMORE, Concord, N. H. 

Your telegram received. You say you cannot get another man 
unless you are able to promise that the organization of the Eighteenth 
shall be completed and preserved. Its completion and preservation 
are urged and desired by this department. Its preservation is, of 
course, dependent in a certain degree upon its completion, and hence 
my despatch asking your special aid in completing it. 

J. B. Fry, Provost Marshal-General. 

Encouraged by the assurance thus received, the governor, 
by proclamation October 1, 1864, ^ announcing that the quota 
of the state was substantially filled, urged enlistments to fill 
the Eighteenth and the Twelfth Artillery Company, in anti- 
cipation of the wants of the government. October 24, by 
letter to Adjutant-General Head, Colonel Bell resigned his 
commission, saying: 

" When I received it I did so with the full belief that the 
regiment could soon be raised and put into the field a com- 
plete organization, but from various causes I have since had 
occasion to doubt whether this is likely to be done. If the 
organization is to be left incomplete of course no colonel 
can be mustered into the United States service. In this 
doubtful state of affairs I have reached the conclusion that I 
ought no longer to quit my urgent private Inisiness for the 
contingency of the completion of the regiment." 

' 125 W. R., 781. 



26 Completio7i of the Companies 

Completion of the Companies and Their Despatch to 

THE Field 

In the meantime Company F had been organized and the 
officers of Company G had been appointed. Companies 
A and B were mustered into the United States service by 
Capt. WiUiam Silvey, First U. S. A. Artillery; Companies 
C, D, E, and F, by Capt. A. B. Thompson, U. S. A., retired. 

Companies A and B left for City Point, Va., September 30, 
mider command of Captain Potter. Mr. Hale Chadwick, who 
was a member of Company B, writes that Companies A and B 
went by rail to New York, thence on the steamer Illinois to 
Fort Monroe and thence in a smaller boat to City Point, and as 
follows : 

"' City Point was at the time a supply depot for a large part 
of the army. General Grant's headquarters being here, 
and many will remember the landing-place, — the wharf with 
its huge piles of boxes of hard-tack and other stores, the mule 
teams, General Grant's headquarters on the bluff to the right, 
the military railroad running up hill and down dale, the 
dusty trail to the front, with the bones and skeletons of mules 
and horses scattered along the way, the large tents back from 
the river with the sign ' Embalming ' across its front, the 
soldiers' camps, the hospital tents, the long lines of graves, 
which made rather a serious picture for our first experience on 
landing. . . . Our camp here was some half a mile or more 
back from the landing." 

Companies C, D, and E left October 5, under Captain 
Greenough, in the absence of Captain Wallingford, who was 
detained on official business at Concord. The route taken 
was by rail via Nashua and Worcester to New London and 
thence by steamer to New York. Captain Greenough says 
of his command: 

" As the companies were without rations the men were 
given permission in New York to obtain breakfast at 
nearby restaurants. Upon reassembling in a street at 






JOHN L. WORTHLEY, COMPANY C 

CORP. FRANK N. FOSS, COMPANY C 
SERG. GEO. S. COOK, COMPANY C 



LORENZO D. BEAN, COMPANY C 
SAMUEL R. ROBINSON, COMPANY C 



Completion of the Companies 27 

the head of the steamer wharf, preparatory to the contmiiation 
of our journey via Jersey City, Philadelphia, and Baltimore, 
there the men of the Eighteenth were permitted to witness 
one of those spectacles of the war time, — then so familiar in 
some of the large cities, but so new to us, the recollection of 
which brings the blush of shame to the cheek of every true 
American, — a large squad (about one hundred and fifty) of 
substitutes was being taken through the city on its way to the 
front under guard of two full companies of the Veteran Reserve 
Corps; the men of the guard carried rifles loaded and cocked at 
' ready ' and the officers and file closers cocked revolvers. 
Some of the substitutes were handcuffed in pairs. Contrast 
this picture with that presented by our battalion of the 
Eighteenth. We were without arms, except the side arms of 
the officers; no guard was maintained, the men were given 
permission to leave the ranks in New York, Philadelphia, and 
Balthnore to obtain refreshments, and yet there was not a 
case of intoxication or disorderly conduct, and on our arrival 
at City Point every man answered to his name at roll call. 
Our battalion arriving in Philadelphia at 4 p.iM. were ' lunched ' 
at the then famous Union Volunteer Refreshment Station. 
Taking freight cars for Baltimore at 6 p.m. and arriving there 
at 3.30 A.M., October 7, at 7 a.m., we marched two miles to the 
Baltimore Refreshment Station for breakfast. Boarding the 
steam transport Thomas CoUyer at 2 p.m., arriving at 
Fort Monroe in the early morning of the 8th, we voyaged up 
the James. We saw on passing Newport News the historic 
remains of the Congress and Cumberland, victims of the 
Confederate ironclad Merrimac. We arrived at City 
Point October 9, at 7 a.m." 

The following extract from the diary of Mr. Samuel Q. 
Dearborn, who was a member of Company D, shows the 
rapidity with which companies were formed and sent to the 
front, with some details of interest: 

"Tuesday, September 20, 1864. I enlisted with John 
Stetson, E. D. Swett, J. A. Leavitt, J. C. Davis, C. Durgin. 

" September 21. Started for Concord, mustered into 
service. 



28 Completion of the Companies 

" September 23. At Concord in camp, mustered into 
Company D. 

" September 23. Drew our clothing. 

" September 24. At Camp Head, got furlough and went 
home. 

'' September 28. Started for Concord. 

" September 30. Rainy. I got up to go on guard duty 
at 1 A.M., but did not go. Companies A and B left for the 
front. 

" October 1. On guard duty from nine till twelve, three 
till five, seven till nine, and one till three Sunday morn. 

" October 4. Drew our bounty, $33.33. Went into the 
city and got state bounty, $100. 

" October 5. Left Concord at ten, by cars to New London, 
thence by boat in night to New York, where we were at 
daylight. 

" October 6. At New York, thence to Philadelphia, where 
we had something to eat, — good baked beef, bread, and 
coffee. By rail in night to Baltimore, where we were at 

3i^ A.M. 

" October 7. Started at about 5 p.m. for City Point on 
steamer Thomas Collyer. 

" October 8. Anchored at eve near Harrison's Landing 
[James River]. 

"October 9. Steamed up to City Point ten miles and 
marched up to camping-ground, drew tents, put up ours 
[six men from Effingham]." 

By General Grant's order (Special Orders No. 8), dated 
October 19, 1864,^ the five companies under command of 
Captain Potter were, with other troops, assigned to the Army 
of the Potomac, and ordered to report to General Meade for 
orders, and by the latter's order (Special Orders No. 285) 
October 21, they were continued on duty with the Engineer 
Brigade at City Point. ^ Company F left Concord October 25, 
1864, and, under command of Captain Bosworth, joined the 
battalion at City Point, October 29, 1864. The band joined 
on the same day. 

> 89 W. R., 271. ^ 89 W. E., 293. 



Change of Field Officers 29 

Change of Field Officers 

Lieutenant-Colonel Carr having resigned his commission 
Governor Gilmore, October 13, 1864, appointed Capt. Joseph 
M. Clough of New London . lieutenant-colonel, and Adjt. 
William I. Brown of the Ninth New Hampshire Volunteers 
of Concord, major. The former was mustered in as lieu- 
tenant-colonel of the Eighteenth October 18, 1864. Major 
Brown was mustered into the United States service in that 
rank October 22, 1864, and, joining the battalion of six 
companies, remained in command until the arrival of 
Lieutenant-Colonel Clough, who then assumed command. 

Thomas L. Livermore of Milford was commissioned colonel 
January 17, 1865. Under the regulations of the United 
States War Department requiring the muster in of ten com- 
panies to entitle a regiment to a colonel, his muster in was 
delaj^ed until April 8, 1865. 

January 19, two days after the appointment of Colonel 
Livermore, the governor requested of the War Department 
that he be ordered from the field to the state to aid in com- 
pleting the recruitment of the regiment, but this request was 
refused as being contrary to the regulation of the War Depart- 
ment that officers must not be taken from the field for recruit- 
ing service. This request was afterwards twice repeated, 
with the same result. 

From the date of Colonel Bell's resignation recruiting for 
the regiment was slow. This was no doubt due in great 
measure to the fact that there was no field officer of the 
regiment in the state to urge on enlistments and direct the 
further organization. Although the governor, by proclama- 
tion dated October 13, 1864, urged enlistments to fill the 
regiment, no further captain was appointed for over three 
months afterwards. The officers of the remaining four 
companies were selected by the governor. The appointment 
of the captains and the date of departure from the state of 
these four companies were as follows: 



30 Officers Promoted 

Company G, Captain Kimball appointed January 24, 1865, 
company left the state February, 1865. 

Company H, Captain Learnard appointed February 15, 
1865, company left the state March 17. 

Company I, Captain Thompson appointed January 24, 
1865, company left the state March 23. 

Company K, Captain Colby appointed March 23, 1865, 
company left the state early in April. 



Officers Promoted 

The following officers were promoted after the first five 
companies arrived In the field. 

Captain Potter was promoted to be major vice Brown 
killed, April 4, 1865. 

Lieutenant Caswell, was appointed adjutant May 19, 1865, 
vice George F. Hobbs, discharged. 

Lieutenant Farmer was promoted to captain of Company 
A, April 4, 1865. 

Hiram K. Ladd was promoted to first lieutenant of Com- 
pany A, April 4, 1865. 

First Serg. Joseph H. Cram of Company D was promoted to 
second lieutenant of Company A, and was mustered in April 12, 
1865. 

First Serg. George S. Whitney of Company E was promoted 
to second lieutenant of that company March 15, 1865, vice 
George H. Thom, resigned. 

Second Lieut. Oliver H. Gibbs of Company F was promoted 
to first lieutenant of that company April 12, 1865, vice Samuel 
H. Dow, discharged. 

First Serg. Henry P. Gage of Company F was promoted to 
second lieutenant of that company April 12, 1865. 




LIEUT. -COL, CLOUGri 
EIGHTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE VOLUNTEERS 



City Point 31 

Officers Co.mmissioxed but Not Mustered into the 
United States Service 

July 29, 1865, the day on which the last Companies (G, H, 
and I) were mustered out of service, the governor compli- 
mented Lieutenant-Colonel Clough with the commission of 
colonel and the officers and sergeants of those companies 
with commissions as follows, but of course they were not mus- 
tered into the United States service on these commissions: 

Company G, Captain Kimball, the commission of lieu- 
tenant-colonel. First Lieutenant Kimball, the commission 
of captain. Second Lieutenant Dodge, the commission of 
first lieutenant. First Serg. Frank P. Hall of Concord, the 
commission of second lieutenant. 

Company H, Captain Learnard, the commission of major. 
First Lieutenant Perkins, the commission of captain. 
Second Lieutenant Flanders, the commission of first lieuten- 
ant. First Serg. Edwin Hill of Concord, the commission 
of second lieutenant. 

Company I, First Serg. Horace H. Rolfe of Alton, the 
commission of second lieutenant. 

City Point 
City Point, a hamlet at the junction of the Appomattox 
with the James, and the terminus of a railway from Peters- 
burg, lies eight miles easterly from Petersburg and sixteen 
miles southerly from Richmond. The occupation of it, in 
1864, as the headquarters of the armies and as a base from 
which the supplies, water borne to it on the James, were 
distributed to the army in front of Petersburg, marked the 
second grapple of the contending forces in front of Richmond 
and the beginning of what proved to be the final campaign. 
In May, 1862, while the Army of the Potomac was moving up 
the peninsula from Yorktown towards Richmond, the Union 
gunboats had passed by City Point in the passage up the 
James and back, and, in July and August of that year. 



32 City Point 

McClellan's army had lain at Harrison's Landing, three miles 
below City Point on the opposite side of the James. Mc- 
Clellan's inactivity at that time encouraged Lee to send a 
part of his army away from Richmond to join Jackson in his 
movement across the Rapidan against Pope, and then the 
Army of the Potomac was withdrawn from the peninsula to 
reenforce Pope. 

The following brief review of events between the with- 
drawal from the peninsula, in 1862, and the occupation of it 
and City Point, in 1864, is to recall to those interested in the 
small unit of the great armies whose history is here written, 
the course of events which brought the regiment to City 
Point in 1864. 

From McClellan's departure in August, 1862, until ]\Lay, 
1864, Lee succeeded in confining the occupation of the Union 
armies to the country north of the Rappahannock and Rapidan. 
In August, 1862, he defeated Pope at Bull Run and then in- 
vaded Maryland. Defeated at Antietam in September, he 
retreated to Fredericksburg, and there, on the Rappahan- 
nock, sixty miles north of Richmond, he defeated Burnside 
in December, 1862, and again at the same place and at 
Chancellorsville he defeated Hooker in May, 1863, and 
caused both of these commanders to retire to the north side 
of the river. In 1863 the Confederate Army, invading 
Maryland and Pennsylvania in June, was defeated at Gettys- 
burg in July and compelled to retreat to Virginia. A series 
of maneuvers and minor battles followed, the result of 
which established Meade on the Rapidan. Crossing the 
Rapidan he attempted at first to divide and then to turn 
the flank of Lee's army, but his attempt was defeated in 
the battle of Mine Run in November, and the Army of the 
Potomac again recrossed to the north bank of the Ra])idan. 
In ^Liy, 1864, Grant led the arm}'- across the Rapidan again, 
with the design of passing through the Wilderness and at- 
tacking Lee's army, if possible, in the open country, where it 








CAPT. WILLIS G. C, KIMBALL, COMPANY G 
ADJT. SAMUEL S. CASWELL 



CAPT. SILAS F, LEARNARD, COMPANY H 
LIEUT, REUBEN 8. PORTER, COMPANY B 



City Point 33 

lay to the west and north of that dense woodland. Lee 
moved rapidly into the Wilderness, and there attacked his 
adversary. The result was a drawn battle in which both 
armies kept the field, but Grant achieved a strategic success 
in moving on towards Richmond and the moral triumph of 
deciding Lee to keep to the shelter of earthworks. Never 
again during the war did Lee venture to offer battle with his 
whole army outside of intrenchments. Grant maneuvered 
to Richmond, vainly trying, at every move, to flank the 
enemy or to interpose between them and Richmond. He 
fought a series of fierce battles with great losses, but he also 
inflicted heavy losses. It was only by inflicting loss on the 
enemy that he could finish the war. If he had merely 
maneuvered without fighting, he would only have brought his 
army to its final position in front of Richmond without 
bringing the end of the war nearer. To end the war it was 
necessary to destroy the Confederate Army, and, as it was 
always sheltered behind works, it was necessary to attack it 
there whenever there was hope of success. Every attack 
was justified by the result or by the apparent chance of 
success, excepting the last one at Cold Harbor, which was a 
mistake. The strength and morale of the enemy were so 
much impaired by the campaign that in June Grant was able, 
in their face, to cross the James to move against the railways 
connecting Richmond with the South, without the danger of 
a counter movement by Lee against Washington, the road to 
which was left open. From the ]5th of June to October, in a 
series of fierce battles, the Union Army took the Norfolk and 
Petersburg and Weldon railroads, and established its lines in 
close contact with Petersburg. From Fort Harrison, eight 
miles south of Richmond, which was at the right flank of the 
Union Army, to Fort Wadsworth, four miles south of Peters- 
burg, at the left flank, it was twenty-seven miles, and heavy 
intrenchments covered twenty miles of this front. From 
this time, Grant, by flank movements, threatened J^ichinond 



34 City Point 

on our right and essayed to reach the Southside Railroad on the 
left, at the same time extending his hnes to the left for vantage 
ground from which to move against Lee's army when the 
seizure of the Southside Railroad should compel it to abandon 
Riclmiond and head for the South. During the summer 
Early had made a dash via the Shenandoah Valley for Wash- 
ington, but withdrew from the force which he found in front 
of him there. Grant's purpose to remain in contact with 
Lee was undisturbed by this raid. By the month of October 
Lee's hope was reduced to keeping the Union Army in " check 
to the beginning of winter," ^ and he expressed the fear that 
it would be '' impossible to keep [it] out of Richmond." ^ 
From this time the effort on his part was to defer the day 
when he must abandon Richmond, and on Grant's part to 
hasten that day and with it the hour when Lee's army should 
be brought to battle outside its intrenchments. In the 
opposing lines there were one hundred thousand men present 
for duty under Grant and fifty-four thousand present for 
duty under Lee.^ The disparity in numbers was none too 
great for the great task before the Union Army, for, besides 
constantly keeping on the offensive, it had to guard against 
attack or raid set in motion by a hostile commander ever on 
the alert to disconcert or damage his adversary. The neces- 
sity of reenforcing the army caused all levies to be hurried to 
the field as fast as they were assembled, and among them 
were the first five companies of the Eighteenth New Hamp- 
shire Volunteers, which, under the pressure for haste, were 
sent forward without adequate preliminary drill or discipline. 
Upon their arrival at City Point they were at once assigned 
to the Engineer Brigade under General Benliam, upon which, 
with one regiment and eight companies of raw troops, besides 
those of the Eighteenth New Hampshire, — a total of 3,531 
men, — was placed the defense of City Point, with all its 
munitions and army headquarters. A report of October 25 

' 89 W. R., 1134. 2 89 W. R., 1144. ^ gg ^r j^ ^ ^^^^ 4g4_ ^gg ^^97 



City Point 35 

notes of these raw troops," new recruits and in the trenches 
or on picket ever since they joined "; 1,546 without 
arms, to be armed that day; and two companies of the 
Eighteenth New Hampshire ''entirely without arms (expect- 
ing them from their state), to be armed to-day." ^ The ex- 
traordinary pressure which caused these inexperienced men 
to be thrown into the trenches at once may be seen from 
the following correspondence: 

October 4. Humphreys (Meade's chief of staff) to 
Benham : 

" The commanding general desires that you will press 
the construction of the redoubts on the inner line en- 
closing City Point to completion as rapidly as possible. The 
connecting rifle pits can be thrown up at some other time. 
The object now is to prevent a cavalry dash, which the 
redoubts will do. The commanding general needs the 
services of all troops on the intrenchments at the front." 

October 4. Grant to Meade : ^ 

" I find that General Benham has got little or no work 
done yet on the line of fortifications he was directed to 
build. I have directed less elaborate works than he con- 
templated to be speedily thrown up. Until they are done 
this place is in danger of a cavalry raid, particularly if the 
enemy cavalry return here before we get ours back. I 
would like to have daily scouting parties sent to the south- 
east, to see that no movement is made." 

October 5. Meade to Grant : 

Reports despatch of cavalry to scout in advance of Old 
Court House, at Prince George's Court House and on the 
plank road. 

October 5. Humphreys to Benham: 

" General Gregg is ordered to post a regiment of cavalry 
on the telegraph road, about three miles out from Old 

>89 W. R., 292, 293, 306, 343, 457, 458. ^89 W. R., 69, 80, 82. 



36 Citij Point 

Court House, with instructions to the commander to scout 
daily to and beyond Cooke's Mill, etc. ... He will . . . 
give . . . early notice of any appearance of the enemy in 
that quarter." 

The apprehension was that the enemy's cavalry might pass 
around the left flank of the Union line and approach City 
Point from the rear of the line. The property and interests 
at stake were great. At City Point were the great hos- 
pitals of all the corps, with thousands of patients, and the 
quartermaster's and commissary's departments of all the 
army, with their great stores of camp equipage, clothing, 
and food for the army and the corral of spare horses. 
There was also the great enclosure (familiarly called the 
" bull pen " ) for recruits on the way to the front and for 
deserters and prisoners of war from the enemy's ranks on 
the way from the front. And not less important, though less 
liable to capture, were the general connnanding the army and 
his staff with the field records relating to the whole force in 
front of Richmond and Petersburg. 

The battalion, consisting of companies A, B, C, D, and E 
of the Eighteenth New Hampshire, was under the command 
of Captain Potter, and, in his absence, of Captain Smith 
until the arrival of Major Brown, and being augmented 
October 29 to six companies, was kept at work erecting the 
fortifications for the defense of City Point from October 4 
until some time in December.^ These fortifications were 
about two miles in front of City Point. They comprised 
about three and two-thirds miles of works, including eight 
redoubts,' and extended from the Appomattox on the north 
to Bailey's Creek on the south. Alternating with this work, 
the battalion was engaged north of the Appomattox, begin- 
ning November 9, in building a corduroy road from the 
Nelson House to the north bank of the Appomattox as an 
approach to a projected pontoon bridge,^ to connect the line 

' 87 W. K., 213, 214. = 87 W. R., 214. '' 89 W. R., 321, 519, G34. 



City Point 37 

of defenses at City Point with another hne of works which 
were planned to prolong them on the north side of the Appo- 
mattox. Here the battalion for ten days or more worked in 
a swamp cutting logs and with them building the road through 
the swamp. The men were constantly in the water and their 
work was hard. All the energy expended and the exposure 
suffered proved to be useless, for the fortifications were not 
built on the north side of the Appomattox. Lieutenant 
Haven writes of the building of this corduroy road as follows : 

" On election day [November 8], 1864, I was ordered to re- 
port at brigade headquarters to go with a captain of General 
Benham's staff, and under his instructions have the thing 
built. I wanted to build a corduroy road winding in and 
around the big stumps, but I was overruled and ordered to 
build a sort of bridge all the way in a straight line, and so 
over the tops of stumps. I am well aware that at the time 
my action w^as subject to criticism by the old woodmen of 
New Hampshire but my orders from the captain were impera- 
tive to build the same straight and wide, and not to turn out 
for stumps but to go over them." 

To counteract the exposure to which this labor in the 
swamp exposed the men, rations of whiskey were offered to 
them. This was repugnant to the principle of " total absti- 
nence " which had been planted in many of the men at home. 
The diary of one of the captains, under date of November 16, 
runs as follows: " All but eight men of my company refused 
whiskey rations." This gives fair indication of the strong 
character of the rank and file. 

The vote of the battalion for President, November 8, was 
233 for Lincoln and 72 for McClellan. The vote of the state 
was nearly equal for the two candidates. 

The following entries taken from the diaries of Messrs. 
Lorenzo D. Bean of Company C and Samuel Q. Dearborn of 
Company D give an outline of the daily life and work of 
the battalion during this period: 



38 City Point 

" October 10. Roll called 6 a.m. and 9 p.m. Heavy firing 
in front of Petersburg. 

" October 16. Dress parade at 9 a.m. October 22. Dress 
parade in the afternoon. 

" November 2. At rest in the afternoon and completed 
our fireplaces. 

" November 7. Up in the woods cutting timber for tents. 

" November 9. Went to build corduroy road across on 
the other side of the Appomattox, which we crossed in boats. 
The Eighteenth Regiment is to build about one mile of cordu- 
roy. To-day we built a footpath across the swamp of brush 
and poles and started for camp at 3 p.m. All had to walk 
through mud and water to get into the boats. 

" November 10. Crossed the Appomattox into the woods, 
took a long time to get to work on the other side. On return- 
ing built a long wharf to the channel of the river. 

" November 1 1. Commenced laying stringers and covering 
of small logs. 

" November 12, 14, 15, 16, December 1. Building road. 

" December 4. Sheridan's troops going against Peters- 
burg." 

For winter life at City Point, in its camp on a high and dry 
plateau about two miles west of the James and half a mile 
south of the Appomattox, the battalion built log huts of the 
pine which was abundant in the vicinity. The skill in wood- 
craft, which was common among the men of the Eighteenth, 
here came into good use, and there was warm rivalry between 
the companies. The pine forests close at hand were drawn 
upon for the materials for the walls. The soil furnished the 
clay, and the brigade quartermaster, axes, shovels, picks, and 
wheelbarrows. Logs of the straight-grained native pine, 
ten to twelve feet long, were cut longitudinally in half; 
smoothed with the axe on the split side, the halves were set 
up on end in trenches two feet deep, with the bark, or a 
roughly hewn surface, on the exterior. Projecting several 
feet out of the ground the walls thus made gave sufficient 
head room. The joints were thoroughly plastered with clay. 



City Point 39 

The pieces of canvas, six feet square, one of which served 
each man as his portion of a " shelter tent," were laid over 
a ridge pole for a roof. Doors were made of boards split from 
the timber and hewn with the axe. Fitting an aperture at one 
end or side of the wall a fireplace w^as laid up of bricks when 
they were found, or of stones thickly coated with clay, topped 
with a chimney of sticks '^ cob-house fashion," coated with 
clay on the inner surface, and generally prolonged with an 
empty and headless beef or pork barrel. Each hut — eight 
feet by twelve, or twelve feet by sixteen — was for four or 
more men. The ambitious band house was sixteen feet by 
twenty-four. The officers' huts were rather larger than the 
men's, and each served for three or less. Bunks were built 
which raised the beds above the ground a foot or two, and some- 
times a bunk above made the " double-decker." Tables, chairs 
and cupboards were also made, and sometimes neither bunk, 
bed, nor furniture contained a nail, for wooden pins in holes 
bored by the solitary " bitstock " in the command, made all 
fast. Doors were often hung on improvised wooden hinges. 
Wood was cut and drawn to camp and prepared for use 
according to the custom of New Hampshire yeomen at home 
in preparation for a New England winter. At Christmas 
time the houses were handsomely hung outside with evergreen. 
Although these quarters were narrow they were comfortable, 
and life in them during waking hours was made sociable and 
agreeable with tales, songs, and merriment. The company 
cooks, who had served their apprenticeship with the lumber- 
men of the Connecticut and Merrimac and the New Hamp- 
shire lakes, were at home in cooking for the men who labored 
on the earthworks for the defense of City Point. The battal- 
ion here came into touch with the evil results of the system 
of recruiting the army with foreigners attracted by bounties 
to enlist as substitutes or under the undeserved title of 
volunteers. Many of the deserters from this class who had 
been captured and returned to the army were tried for their 



40 City Point 

offense at City Point by a general court-martial, which was 
convened by General Orders No. 308 of General Meade 
November 14, 1864. It consisted of ten officers drawn from 
the forces stationed near City Point, one of whom was Captain 
Gile of the Eighteenth. This court sat almost constantly 
until the middle of March, and it was not formally dissolved 
until April 21, but its sessions were effectually terminated by 
the preparations for the final campaign which ended at Appo- 
mattox, for its members requesting leave to join their com- 
mands for this campaign were permitted to do so. This 
court tried a large number of men accused of desertion, and 
convicted fifty of this crime, of whom forty-six were executed 
under its sentence, approved by the President of the United 
States. The court held its sessions in a cottage at City Point. 
The Eighteenth Regiment Band, the largest and best of 
those stationed within the defenses, frequently came in from 
the regimental camp and serenaded General Grant's head- 
quarters as well as the cottage occupied by the court, where 
they were received and entertained by its president, General 
Collis, and his wife, who was a visitor there. 

The remittance of the sentence in one case through the 
characteristic benignancy of President Lincoln is authenti- 
cated by Captain Gile of the Eighteenth. He relates that 
while in Washington on leave of absence, in March, 1865, he 
called on the President, and during his presence in the Execu- 
tive Chamber the President's private secretary, Mr. John 
Hay (since then Secretary of State), came in and said: " Mr. 
President, that mother is at the door asking for the pardon 
of her son. Shall I admit her next? " " No," replied Mr. 
Lincoln; " but get me the papers in the case. I will pardon 
him. I would pardon old Cain this morning if he were here," 
and then taking the record of the boy's trial in his hands, 
which he had been resting on his crossed knee, he wrote, 
" Let up on this boy. A. Lincoln," and })assed it back to 



Service in Petersburg Trenches 41 

the Secretary to be transmitted to the commander of the 
Army of the Potomac in official form. 

Engineering work, although useful and instructive, was not 
what the Eighteenth had volunteered for, and although they 
did the work which was given them so well as to be highly 
praised by the engineer officers, service at the front was 
very generally desired by the officers and men of the com- 
mand, and many were the inquiries among them as to the 
completion of the regiment, the arrival of the remainder of 
the field officers, and the day when the command would be 
permitted to join the other New Hampshire regiments in 
front of the enemy, so short a distance away, in the works at 
Petersburg and Bermuda Hundred. It was over two months 
after the arrival of the first of the conmiand at City Point 
before the welcome order was received which gave them the 
first sight of the Petersburg works, a delay which is insigni- 
ficant in retrospect, but which was long to those who were 
eager for service in the face of the enemy. 

Service in Petersburg Trenches, December 10-12, 1864 

The first service of the Eighteenth immediately in front of 
the enemy was incidental to a movement against the Con- 
federate line of communication between Petersburg and the 
South, preliminary to the first attack on Fort Fisher in Decem- 
ber, 1864, which was projected in November. By the Weldon 
and the Weldon & Wilmington railways it was about one 
hundred and eighty miles from Petersburg to Wilmington, 
and although the I^nion lines covered the AVeldon Railway 
about seven miles south of Petersburg, the Confederates 
maintained it in operation further south from ^^'ilmington 
to the Nottoway River, between which river and l^etersburg 
troops and supplies could be passed around the left flank of 
the Union lines in a march of about thirty miles. ^ Sheridan 

'89 W. II., 1051. 



42 Service in Petersburg Trenches 

having extinguished Early's corps in the Shenandoah Valley, 
General Grant, November 28, directed the return of the Sixth 
Corps from the valley to Petersburg,^ and at the same time 
projected a movement against the Weldon Railway.^ On 
the next day he directed that Gen. I. N. Palmer should move 
from New Berne, N. C, up the Roanoake River, with the 
ultimate view of cutting this railway further south at Swift 
Creek and Rocky Mountain.^ These movements against the 
railway were no doubt intended primarily to impede the 
despatch of reenforcements from Petersburg to Fort Fisher, 
and to Wilmington, whose capture was contemplated if Fort 
Fisher * should be taken, and, secondarily, to interrupt the 
passage of supplies to Petersburg, and, if possible, to attract 
a part of the Confederate forces at Richmond and Petersburg 
out of their trenches. On the arrival of the two divisions of 
the Sixth Corps they relieved the Fifth Corps in the Peters- 
burg trenches, and General Warren was despatched southward 
December 7 with this corps, one division of the Second Corps, 
and two brigades of cavalry — a force of about twentj^-five 
thousand men — to destroy the Weldon Railway to Heckman, 
a point about fifty miles north of Rocky Mountain.^ General 
Grant made all preparations for supporting General Warren's 
force and for battle with any of the enemy's troops which 
might be tempted out of their works. December 5 he wrote 
to Meade: 

'' Whilst the expedition is out, reduce the number of men 
in the line to the lowest maximum. Hold all the reserves 
thus obtained in readiness to move south if their services 
should be required." ^ 

December 6 he wrote Butler : 

" A movement [Warren's] will commence on the left to- 
morrow morning. Make imme^diate preparations so that your 

»89 W. K., 725, 739. ^ 89 W. K., 726, 750. ^87 W. R.. 971; 89 
W. R., 760. "89 W. R., 835, 1005. ^ 89 W. R., 750, 784, 804, 805, 
828, 829, 842. " 89 W. R., 805. 



Service in Petersburg Trenches 43 

force can be used north of the river [Appomattox] if the 
enemy withdraw, or south, if they should be required, . . . 
and during to-morrow night withdraw to the left of your line 
at Bermuda the force you propose sending south." ' 

December 7 General Meade ordered preparations to move 
all public property '' within the defenses of Q\{\ Point at 
very short notice, should this become necessary," and for the 
ready removal of sick to the same place; directed General 
Benham to prepare his infantry to move at a few hours' 
notice; ^ and gave instructions to General Humphreys' com- 
manding the Second Corps, for holding the lines in front of 
Petersburg, depending on the enclosed works principally 
if it should become necessar}',^ and all preparations were 
made for a campaign. December 8 General Grant asked 
General Meade, '^ If the enemy send off two divisions after 
Warren, what is there to prevent completing the investment 
of Petersburg with, your reserve? " ^ and suggested as an 
alternative the attempt '' to force a weak place in his 
lines." * On the same evening he directed that the next 
morning a division should be sent out to help the cavalry to 
" force a crossing of Hatcher's Run and find out what the 
enemy are doing." News of movements of a strong force of 
the enemy around the left flank of the army towards General 
Warren was received December 9 and 10,' and General Grant 
telegraphed General Meade 1.20 p.m., December 10: 

" I think it advisable to move with all the force 3'ou can 
to Warren's relief. Benham will be ordered up, as you sug- 
gest, to support line held by Ninth Corps. I don't think 
there should be any delay in starting out reenforcements to 
Warren." 

Miles' division was sent to Hatcher's Run," all the avail- 
able troops of the Second, Sixth, and Ninth corps were as- 

1 89 W. R., 834. 2 89 W. R., 847, 848. ^ 89,W. R., 865. * 89 W. R., 
865. 5 89 W. R., 867-899, 903, 905, 908, 911. « 89 W. R., 911. 



44 Service in Petersburg Trenches 

sembled in reserve ready to move to the left/ and the 
reserve of the Ninth Corps was sent out to join Warren's 
force. ^ One division of the Sixth Corps having been detained 
in the Shenandoah Valley ^ General Meade ordered Benham's 
command, except the artillery, to move up to support that 
part of the Ninth Corps which remained in the trenches/ 
Arriving on the 11th it, including the Eighteenth New Hamp- 
shire, was massed early in the morning near the site of Shand's 
house, ^ and later was drawn up in line of battle somewhat 
to the rear of the works on the left of Fort Davis, but did 
not come under fire. It passed a portion of the night in 
Fort Sedgwick (" Fort Hell "), and on the 12th it was 
ordered back to the defenses of City Point. This tour of duty 
was performed in rain, snow, sleet, and fog," without canvas 
shelter. Frozen ears and cheeks were common. 

The following are entries in the diaries above mentioned 
for this period : 

" December 10. Packed everything and started for the 
front in the afternoon, very cold and rainy. Camped on the 
ground all night, cold and rainy. 

" December 11. On the march, pitched tents, and at night 
marched to antl into Fort Sedgwick or ' Hell.' Camped on 
the ground, left before morning. 

" December 12. Marched back to our old quarters at 
City Point, got there at dark." 

Chadwick writes of this tour of duty: 

" Hatl a hard storm of rain, sleet, and snow while on this 
march, clearing off very cold, and the officers and men suf- 
fered extremely, being without shelter and not prepared for 
such cold weather, some of them freezing their hands and 
feet." 

General Warren's command having destroyed the Weldon 
Railway from the Nottoway River to Hicksford — a length 

'89 W. R., 901-921. ^ 89 \V. K., 918, 935. =< 89 W. R., 953. "89 
W. R., 921, 926. ^ 87 W. U., 42; 89 W. R., 966. " 87 W. R., 445; 89 W. 
R., 842, 921. 



Service in the Trenches at Bermuda Hundred 45 

of about twenty miles — returned within the Hnes December 
12.^ Although the expedition against Fort Fisher sailctl 
from Bermuda Hundred December 8 and arrived at the 
rendezvous near Fort Fisher on the 15th, the attack w^as 
delayed until the 25th. =^ As soon as the Confederates 
learned that it had left Fort Monroe, Hoke's division was 
despatched from Richmond, December 19, to reenforce Wil- 
mington. The wisdom of destroying the Weldon Railway 
was shown by the fact that Hoke's division was obliged to go 
around by the Danville and Piedmont railways, so that of 
this reenforcement only one brigade reached Wilmington on 
the 25th and four hundred men of another brigade on the 
26th.^ 

Service in the Trenches at Bermuda Hundred 

The arrival of Confederate troops in front of the Union 
lines at Bermuda Hundred December 16, 1864 (apparently 
Rodes' division under General Grimes from the Shenandoah 
Valley), led Gerteral Ord to ask for a reenforcement of Ferrero's 
division at that point,^ and, on that day, under orders to send 
one thousand men. General Benham directed Lieutenant- 
Colonel Clough of the Eighteenth to march rapidly with 
three hundred men of his battalion, five hundred of the 
Fifteenth New York Engineers, seventy-five of Hall's Michigan 
Sharpshooters, and one hundred and twenty-five of First Maine 
Sharpshooters, all of whom were placed under his command, 
via the pontoon bridge at Broadway Landing across the 
Appomattox to the Bermuda Hundred line, and there report 
to General Ferrero, commanding the defenses, for temporary 
duty.'^ On the same day Colonel Clough with his conmiand, 
including all the companies of the Eighteenth then at City 
Point under command of Major Brown, reported to General 

' 87 W.R., 444, 449. ' .87 W. R., 966, 967. ' 87 W. R.,1279, 1334, 2680. 
<89 W. R., 984, 1011, 1015, 1021. ^87 W. 1^, 42; 89 W. R., 800, 
1019, 1020. 



46 Service in Fort Howard 

Ferrero, under whose orders, for a week, the battaUon was in 
the trenches and picket hne in front of Bermuda Hundred. 
Here it first came under the fire, participating in the constant 
exchange of shots between the picket hnes and expending 
much ammunition, with the zeal of men new to experience of 
this kind. December 23 Colonel Clough with his command 
reported to General Benham in the City Point defenses.' 

Service in Fort Howard 

The second term of duty of the Eighteenth on the Peters- 
burg front was incident to another movement of the Union 
Army against the Confederate line of communication with 
the South. February 4, 1865, General Grant directed Gen- 
eral Meade to send his cavalry out '' to destroy or capture as 
much as possible of the enemy's wagon train, which it is 
understood is being used in connection with the Weldon 
Railroad to partially supply the troops about Petersburg." ^ 
Accordingly, February 5, Gregg's cavalry division went to 
Dinwiddle Courthouse on the Boydton plank road, about 
twenty miles west of the Union entrenchments, and captured 
a few wagons and prisoners, but finding that the road '' was 
but little used since the destruction of the bridges on it, 
and on the Weldon Railroad," he returned. The Second and 
Fifth corps had moved out to prolong the Union line to the 
left and support the cavalry, and on the 5th and 6th were 
in a severe engagement near Hatcher's Run.^ This led to 
withdrawing from the Petersburg trenches several divisions 
to reenforce the troops engaged,'' and to partially fill their 
place Benham's brigade, under command of Col. Wesley 
Braincrd, Fifteenth New York Engineers, was ordered to the 
front on the afternoon of February 5 to report to General 
Parke, commanding the Ninth Corps.^ The itinerary of the 
Engineer Brigade for this period runs as follows :*' 

' 89 W. 11., 1061. ^ 96 W. R., 367. ^ 95 W. R., 150-152. * 96 W. 
R., 405, 408. ^ 96 W. R. 408, 436, 438, 439. « 96 W. R., 72. 



Service in Fort Howard 47 

"February 5. The whole command, nineteen hundred 
strong — composed of the Fifteenth New York Vohuiteer 
Engineers, Sixt3^-first Massachusetts ^^ohuiteers (leaving the 
pickets on Bailey's Creek), Eighteenth New Hampshire, First 
Maine sharpshooters (two companies), and Michigan sharp- 
shooters — started via railroad for the front at about 5 p.m. 
with order to report to Major-General Parke, connnanding the 
Ninth Corps. Bivouacked near Avery House. February 6. 
Received orders from General Parke to move the brigade to 
the Aiken House. The troops of the command occupied the 
line between Batteries No. 24 and 26, the right resting on 
Battery 24, headquarters of the brigade in rear of Fort 
Howard. A detail of two hundred and eighty-seven men from 
the Engineer Brigade relieved the'First Division, Sixth Corps, 
from picket duty. February 7. Troops under arms at 5 a.m. 
until S. A.M. February S. The Fifteenth Engineers and 
^Michigan sharpshooters occupied that portion of the line 
between Battery 24 and the marsh, the Eighteenth New 
Hampshire and Sixty-first Massachusetts, Battery 25 (Fort 
Howard). Three hundred and eight men on picket duty. 
February 10. Troops in same position as yesterda}-. Feb- 
ruary 11. "^he Engineer Brigade relieved this morning by 
General Griffin's troops of the Ninth Corps, and ordered to 
return to City Point and occupy their old camp at that place. 
Column started at about 10 a.al, reaching City Point during 
the afternoon." 

February 6 Colonel Brainerd was ordered to report 
with the brigade to General Getty, commanding the Sixth 
Corps, to strengthen the line then occupied by the Sixth 
Corps from Fort Howard to Fort Dushane, which had been 
weakened by the withdrawal of Wheaton's division, which 
had been sent to reenforce troops at Hatcher's Run,^ and 
reporting under this order was assigned to duty as stated in 
the itinerary above quoted." With this part of the line the 
Engineer Brigade came under conmiand of General Parke 
February 8.^ During this week of duty in the trenches, the 
Eighteenth was under picket and artillery fire every day. 

' 96 \V. H., 405, 438. ' 9G W. R., 492. » 96 W. H., 493. 



48 City Point, February 12 to March 17, 1865 

The weather was inclement, and with slight shelter, whether 
in trenches or in bivouac, there was suffering even among the 
hardy sons of New Hampshire, accustomed as they had been 
at home to extreme cold in winter. The laconic entries 
quoted below from one of the diaries above referred to, 
although exaggerated in familiar style, give convincing 
evidence of this: 

" Februarys. Left camp at three o'clock and marched up 
to Avery House (about eight miles). Camped on the ground 
all night. Had three days' rations. 

'' February 6. Marched about twelve o'clock to Park Sta- 
tion (about ten miles), got there at nine o'clock, camped by 
the side of some breastworks. Cold and windy. 

" February 7. Cold and rainy. 

" February 9. Cold and windy. Camping on the ground 
in little tents. Like to froze to death. 

'' February 10. Cold and windy. Still at Park Station. 
Nearly frozen. 

" February IL Warm and clear. Ordered back to City 
Point. Marched about nine o'clock and got back about 
sunset. Pitched tents and was all right again." 

City Point, February 12 to March 17, lS6o 

Company G arrived at City Point and joined the battalion 
February 19. The itinerary of the Engineer Brigade notes ^ 
February 12 to 28 that the troops were " occupied in drill, 
camp duty, and work on fortifications." The previously 
incessant interruptions of the drill, so necessary to prepare 
the regiment for service under fire, did not cease. One of 
the diaries above mentioned notes " no drill " on ten of the 
twenty-nine working days of this period. Whether due to 
work on fortifications, bad weather, or other causes, these 
interruptions of the essential practice in a soldier's calling 
was a misfortune, for, although the regiment did not fail in 
any part of its duty in its subsequent service under fire, its 

' 95 W. R., 72. 



Order for Consolidation 49 

failure to impress a sense of its good quality on the command- 
ing generals led to an incident in its history which, although 
fortunately kept from general knowledge of the regiment at 
the time, and arrested before it became a catastrophe, is an 
unpleasant one to record. The seeming lack of efficiency in 
drill and discipline prevented the commanding generals from 
justly estimating the possible value of this stanch body of 
men as an organization. The plan for breaking it up, related 
below, might not otherwise have been formed, even though 
completion of the ten companies w^as not assured. 

Order for Consolidation with Another Regiment 

Under date of ]\Iarch 17 ^ the itinerary of the Engineer 
Brigade records an order which nearly terminated the exis- 
tence of the regimental organization. The itinerary runs as 
follows: " The Eighteenth New Hampshire Volunteers ordered 
to report to commanding officer, Ninth Corps, to be consoli- 
dated with another regiment from the same state." At 
this time there were seven companies in the battalion. This 
unhappy order no doubt resulted from the belief of those in 
authority that the state would not send out the remaining 
three companies to complete the regiment. But the action 
was hasty, for the eighth company left New Hampshire for 
the front on the day the order was issued, and a week later 
the ninth company left Concord for the field, and the tenth 
was partly recruited. There is no doubt that recruiting for 
these companies would have proceeded at a more rapid rate 
if there had been a field officer of the regiment in New Hamp- 
shire to direct and promote it, but the regulation of the War 
Department that no officer should leave the field for recruit- 
ing service was inflexible against the efforts which were made 
in this direction. January 17, when the colonel was appointed, 
Governor Gilmore requested the War Department to order 
' 9o W. R. 73. 



50 Order for Consolidation 

him to report for duty in New Hampshire, " to assist in the 
completion of the recruitment " of the regiment. The reply, 
January 23, was " the regulations of the War Department 
will not admit of the grant of your request, but upon 
notification from you that the regiment is full to the mini- 
mum, Captain [Major] Livermore will be discharged to accept 
the colonelcy thereof." March 10 Colonel Livermore, who 
was then serving in the field as acting assistant inspector- 
general of the Second Army Corps, requested leave of absence 
for twenty days to assist in the completion of the regiment; 
but, although his application was approved by General Hum- 
phreys, commanding the corps, and by the inspector-general 
of the Army of the Potomac, General Meade replied by his 
adjutant-general March 14: 

" While the commanding general has every confidence in the 
zeal and ability of Major Livermore, and would desire to 
further the object proposed, he cannot grant him leave for 
this purpose without violating an established rule, to which 
no exception can be made. He will, however, take great 
pleasure in forwarding to the adjutant-general, with his favor- 
able opinion, any communication Major Livermore may please 
to make to the governor of New Hampshire in regard to the 
completion of this regiment." 

It was impossible to believe that in three days after the date 
of this reply its author could have knowingly issued the order 
to break up the regiment above referred to. Fortunately 
Colonel Livermore, having learned of the order on a visit 
to General Benham's headquarters March 19, was able in 
this emergency to avail himself of his acquaintance at the 
headquarters of the Army of the Potomac. Going there at 
once, with the support of Col. R. N. Batchelder, chief quarter- 
master of the army (formerly quartermaster of the First 
New Hampshire Volunteers), he obtained the assurance that 
the order should be revoked from the adjutant-general, who 
stated that he had issued it without realizing the identity of 



The Assault on Fort Stedman 51 

the regiment with that referred to in General Meade's reply 
of March 14. This will explain the change of intention 
recorded in the following reports of General Parke, command- 
ing the Ninth Corps, March 20 : ^ 

" The • Eighteenth New Hampshire battalion has arrived 
[on the 19th], and as soon as report of strength is received 
the name of another New Hampshire regiment will be sub- 
mitted for consolidation." 

And again, March 27 : ^ 

" All of Hartranft's regiments are now relieved and in 
reserve except one. This I propose having relieved to- 
night by the Eighteenth New Hampshire, which I have pro- 
posed assigning to Willcox's division instead of consolidating 
with the Sixth New Hampshire, as was suggested some days 
ago." 

This terminated the project of consolidation. 

The Assault on Fort Stedman 

Early in March the situation of the Confederate Army at 
Richmond and Petersburg was so precarious, that, at a 
conference between President Davis and General Lee, it was 
determined to retire from Virginia and to endeavor to unite 
with Johnston's army, and with the combined force to fall on 
Sherman's army (which was then marching northward through 
the Carolinas), in the effort to defeat that army before Grant 
could come to its relief, and then carry on the war in the 
interior of the Confederacy; but it was necessary to delay the 
project for the settling of the roads and also to accumulate 
supplies and to improve the condition of the horses. 

A week or two later an assault was made on Fort Stedman 
in the hope of drawing Grant's troops away from his left 
flank, and thus averting the impending danger of a movement 
from that flank against the Southside Railroad until the 

' 97 W. R., 54. 2 97 W. R. , 



52 Assignment of Eighteenth N. H. Volunteers 

season was suitable for the Confederate retreat.' Fort 
Stedman was about one hundred and fifty yards from the 
Confederate Une, and the pickets were at this point only 
fifty yards apart. ^ About half Lee's army was massed oppo- 
site this fort/ and just before daylight, on March 25, this 
force rushed across the ground between the lines and carried 
Fort Stedman and a portion of the lines on either flank of 
it; but during the morning it was driven out with large loss 
by the Ninth Corps, from which the works had been captured. 
The Eighteenth New Hampshire marched to the front March 
18, and until the 25th had lain in camp near the 
Norfolk & Petersburg Railroad, on the ground in rear of, 
and overlooking, Fort Morton in this portion of the lines. 
When the enemy attacked Fort Stedman the Eighteenth 
New Hampshire was moved up to support the Eleventh 
Massachusetts Battery, which, posted in Fort Friend, poured 
a fierce fire into the enemy. 

Assignment of Eighteenth New Hampshire Volunteers 
TO Third Brigade, First Division, Ninth Army Corps 

The regiment remained in rear of the Union line until 
March 27, when it was ordered into Fort Stedman. At this 
time it became a part of the Third Brigade, First Division, 
Ninth Army Corps, then commanded by Col. Gilbert P. 
Robinson, Third Maryland Infantry, and composed of the 
Third Maryland Infantry, Twenty-ninth Massachusetts 
Volunteers, Fifty-seventh Massachusetts Volunteers, Fifty- 
ninth Massachusetts Volunteers, Fourteenth New York 
Heavy Artillery, One Hundredth Pennsylvania Volun- 
teers.^ This brigade was holding Fort Stedman and Bat- 
teries 10, 11, and 12 when the above-mentioned assault 
was made. It was censured in General Meade's General 

' Rise and Fall of the Confed. Gov., Vol. 2, 648, 649, 652. =^95 W. R., 
316. 5 95 W. R., 331, 342. 



The Engagement of March 29-30, I864 53 

Orders No. 13 of the next day/ in the statement that the 
enemy had succeeded in breaking through the Hues and 
capturing the works, " through the reprehensible want of 
vigilance of the Third Brigade, First Division, Ninth Corps." 
General Parke, the commander of the Ninth Army Corps, 
immediately requested that this clause should be stricken out 
of the order as incorrect in fact, and stated that while the 
distance between the lines was so slight that the small force 
on its extended front could hold in check a large mass of troops 
only for a few moments in the night when they could not be 
seen by troops on the right and left, " Fort Stedman, the 
only inclosed work taken, was not surprised, but overwhelmed 
after a sturdy resistance. It was surrounded on all sides." ^ 
General Meade promptly suppressed the order.^ Its error 
was afterwards made more apparent by the reports of both 
the Union and Confederate commanders and the congratula- 
tory order issued by Gen. 0. B. Willcox, the commander of 
the division.^ 

The Confederates made their attack of the 25th none 
too soon, for, on the 24th, General Grant had issued 
orders for the concentration of a large part of the army 
on its left flank for the final campaign.^ This concentra- 
tion, undelayed by the attack on Fort Stedman, was 
made on the 29th, and it was made so secretly that General 
Lee remained ignorant of it for several days. 

The Engagement of March 29-30, 1864 

The advance of the Union Army moved out beyond the left 
of its entrenchments and towards the Southside Railroad 
on the 29th of March, and, although Lee, remaining unaware 
of the concentration above mentioned, was not warned that 
the Union Army had begun its final movement against his 

' 97 W. R., 174. •■'97 W. R., 200, 232. ^ 97 W. R., 232. * Rise and 
Fall of the Confed. Gov., 650. ' 9.5 W. U., 50. 



54 The Engagement of March 29-30, 1864 

line of communication with the south, he, ahve to all chances, 
projected a portion of his army from his right flank in a 
vigorous attack on the Union advance. That night the 
artillery and pickets in the Confederate lines directly in front 
of Petersburg opened and maintained an active fire on the 
opposing lines occupied by the Ninth Corps/ The Eighteenth 
New Hampshire, — a few in the picket line, a portion of 
Company A, stationed in Fort Stedman, and the remainder 
of the battalion in the trenches extending from that fort to 
the right, — exchanged a rapid fire with the opposing force. 
It was under the heaviest of the fire, and suffered the loss of 
Major Brown, killed, and Lieutenent-Colonel Clough, and 
Privates Harris J. Groff of Company F and Andrew Mc- 
Donald of Company C, wounded March 29, and Private 
Daniel A. Webster of Company B killed on the 30th. 

General Willcox, commander of the division, in his report 
of this action said: 

" About 10.30 o'clock [March 29], the enemy threw up 
signal rockets and opened a heavy fire along my whole 
front. The artillery fire in front of the First Brigade 
was concentrated on Fort Morton, that in front of the 
Third Brigade, on Fort Stedman. At the same time the 
enemy poured [a fire] on us with infantry from his main works. 
They also advanced a line as far as the skirmish pits on front 
of the left of the Third Brigade near the Norfolk Railroad 
bridge. The pickets fought them their best, but were tem- 
porarily driven in at this point. The enemy's further advance 
was checked by the fire from our main works. At 11 the 
enemy's artillery ceased for a few minutes, and I appre- 
hended an assault, but our fire kept up vigorously, both 
artillery and musketry, no part of the line being driven out 
or silenced by this the heaviest fire of all arms combined I 
have ever known from the enemy on this line. Great credit 
is due to the troops for their steadiness. The casualties are 51, 
viz.: 9 killed, 40 wounded, and 2 missing. Among the 
killed is the major of the Eighteenth New Hampshire, and 

' 97 W. K., 261, 263, 264, 274, 1362. 



Major William I. Brown 55 

among the wounded is the Lieut.-Col. J. M. Cloiigh of the same 
regiment. The attack was kept up till 12.30 a.m., when it 
fell off into desultory musketry, and so continued till morn- 
ing." ' 

During the first period of firing mentioned by General 
Willcox, a portion of the pickets from other regiments in front 
of the works held by the Eighteenth ran in and reported that 
they had been driven from their trenches by the enemy's 
advance, and that the latter were forming for an attack on 
that part of the works. Major Brown constantly moved 
back and forth behind the regimental line, overlooking the 
men and encouraging and directing them. His constant 
caution to the men was to " Fire low^" During the cessation 
of the enemy's artillery fire, mentioned by General Willcox, 
Major Brown, in company with officers of the general's staff, 
warned the command that an assault by the enemy was 
expected, and ordered that the fire should be vigorously 
continued. Soon afterward, while standing at the breast- 
works, head and shoulders above them, face to the front, 
giving directions to Captain Greenough, who stood beside him, 
Major Brown was killed by a Confederate bullet, which struck 
him in the forehead. 

Major William I. Brown 

William Ide Brown, son of John S. and Deborah (Ide) 
Brown, was born in Attleboro, Mass., August 27, 1839. 
The family removed to Fisherville (now Penacook), N. H., 
in 1843. He prepared for college at the New London 
Literary and Scientific Institution, graduating from that 
academy in 1858, and entered Brown University, Provi- 
dence, R. I., in the fall of that year. His intention was to 
enter the ministry upon the completion of his studies, but 
the call for volunteers in the summer of 1862 was srv 

' 97 W. R., ,318. 



56 Major William I. Broivn 

urgent that he gave up his plans and began recruiting for 
the Ninth Regiment, New Hampshire Volunteers, and on the 
organization of the regiment he was commissioned second 
lieutenant in Company K, his commission being dated August 
10, 1862. 

On March 1, 1863, he was made first lieutenant and trans- 
ferred to Company B. November 1, 1863, he was appointed 
adjutant, and held that office while he remained with the 
regiment. He was an active participant in the campaigns of 
the regiments until the fall of 1864, when he came home on 
furlough and was appointed major of the Eighteenth Regi- 
ment, New Hampshire Volunteers, and commissoned as such 
October 13, 1864. 

When Major Brown joined the battalion at City Point, 
although he was a stranger to nearly all its members, his 
excellent record of prior service had created a very favorable 
impression of him in the command. His personal appearance 
and manner were in his favor. Although below the medium 
stature, he was of good and erect figure and of a fine soldierly 
bearing. He had large and very expressive gray eyes, firm 
features, and brown hair and beard. In bearing, speech, and 
face he manifested a strong, clean, and manful character. 
His quiet dignity in dealing with all under his command 
impressed itself on officers and men. During the short time 
in which he commanded the battalion in Colonel Clough's 
absence, Major Brown was untiring in his efi"orts to perfect 
its discipline and drill. Schools for military instruction of 
•commissioned, as well as one for non-commissioned officers, 
were held, and careful attention was given to drill of the 
battalion and company in line and as skirmishers, and to 
target practice as far as the other work would allow. In a 
very short time every officer and man saw that a thorough 
soldier was in command. He used few words, but it was 
a])parent that he saw everything. 

Off duty his bearing towards his officers was friendly and 




MAJ. WM. I. BROWN, 
EIGHTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE VOLUNTEERS 



Events, March 30 to April 1 57 

dignified. His soldierly qualities and careful attention to 
all details became conspicuous in the tour of duty in front of 
Petersburg December 10, and again in the Bermuda Hundred 
lines, where he was in command of the battalion. He im- 
proved all the opportunities given by service in these tours 
of duty to harden the battalion and fit it for further service 
in front of the enemy. His conduct during his last night was 
conspicuously characteristic of him. From twilight until 
his end came, he was alert, energetic, cool, and attentive to 
everything that could strengthen the defense against the 
expected assault, and from the beginning of active hostilities, 
at 10 o'clock, until 11.30, when he fell, he was constantly 
moving along the line and encouraging every one to do the 
best that was in him. His death terminated the military 
career of a volunteer of the best type, who, if he had survived 
to enjoy the peace which came so soon, could not have failed 
to fill a high place in civil life. 

E^'EXTS, March 30 to April 1 

Sheridan's cavalry having reached Dinwiddle Courthouse, 
several miles beyond the right of the Confederate intrench- 
ments and about eight miles south of the Southside Railroad, 
and the Second and Fifth corps having extended from the 
left flank of the Union's lines at Hatcher's Run out into the 
intervening country, all these troops moved forward on 
the 30th, The cavalry gained several miles with a slight en- 
gagement, and the Second and Fifth corps held their 
ground against the renewed attack of the enemy in a 
severe engagement. 

Orders were issued, March 30, for an assault on the 31st, 
by the Sixth, Ninth, and Twenty-fourth corps, on the 
Confederate works between Hatcher's Run and the Appo- 
mattox. This was in anticipation of the withdrawal of a 
part of the force from those works for extension westward 



58 The Battle at Petersburg 

to meet the Union movement above noted, but the absence 
of conclusive evidence of such withdrawal and a heavy rain 
on the 30th led to a revocation of these orders.^ 

On the 31st Sheridan, again moving northward, en- 
countered the enemy's cavalry and five infantry brigades 
under Pickett, and was forced back to Dinwiddle Courthouse. 

On the 1st of April Sheridan's cavalry and the Fifth Corps 
moving northward attacked Pickett's infantry and the 
Confederate cavalry in their works at Five Forks, defeating 
and routing them, and on the same day the Second Corps 
seized the White Oak Road to prevent Lee from reenforcing 
the force in Sheridan's front by that road, and made repeated 
attempts to find a vulnerable spot in the enemy's intrenched 
line for an assault to prevent Lee from abandoning his works 
and marching to fall on Sheridan's force. 

The Battle at Petersburg, April 1-3, 1865 

On April 1 the orders were renewed for an assault at 
Petersburg on the morning of the 2d, and on receipt of 
the news of Sheridan's victory at Five Forks, mentioned 
below, artillery and skirmish fire was at once opened from 
the Union works on the Petersburg front, to develop the 
strength and preparation of the enemy in the opposite 
works, with a view to the earliest possible assault on the 
latter.- 

General Parke directed that on the Ninth Corps front the 
assault should be made on the works in front of Fort Sedg- 
wick by the Second and Third Divisions and the First Bri- 
gade of the First Division, and that the other two brigades of 
the First Division, including that of which the Eighteenth 
New Hampshire was a part, should be held in the lines ready 
to advance upon the enemy's works on receipt of orders.^ 

The assault was made at about 4.30 on the morning of 

»97 W. R., 285, 3L5, 321, .32r), .371. ^9.5 W. R., 003, 101.5, 1010, 
97 W. R., 394-397. ' 97 W. R., 429. 



The Battle at Petersburg 59 

April 2. The forces on the left of the Ninth Corps carried 
the enemy's works, cut their army in two, and captured or 
dispersed the western portion. The Ninth Corps carried the 
works in front of Fort Sedgwick and held them, but the Con- 
federates here opposed a fierce resistance to the capture of 
the city, which would have opened the way for the Union 
Army to cut off the retreat to the south of the Confederate 
Government and the forces in Richmond. The battle raged 
on this front all day long. 

The part taken by that portion of the division including the 
Eighteenth New Hampshire is narrated in the report of ^ 
the division commander. General Willcox, as follows: 

" I was directed to make a vigorous demonstration along 
my whole division line with the rest of my troops at the 
same hour. 

" The demonstrations ordered along the line began precisely 
at four. Some of the enemj^'s picket pits were captured 
near the old crater by Colonel Bolton [commanding Fifty-first 
Pennsylvania Volunteers]. The pickets of the Third and 
Second Brigades, strongly reenforced, advanced handsomely, 
the artillery opened vigorously, and large portions [of the 
enemy] were drawn down to oppose what they considered a 
real attack in force. . . . Through the da}^ offensive opera- 
tions were kept up and the batteries playing in aid of the 
more serious work of the day going on farther on oin* left. 
In the afternoon and evening the enemy strengthened their 
line opposite me." 

Col. James Bintliff, Thirty-eighth Wisconsin Infantry,- in 
his report as commander of the Third Brigade of Willcox's 
division, said that on the night of April 1 preparations were 
made for assaulting the enemy's positions opposite Fort 
Stedman, and that one hundred men of the Third Maryland, 
supported by the One Hundredth Pennsylvania, advanced 
and attacked, and that " at 11 a.m. it was resolved to again 
attempt the enemy's line, with a vievv of at least retaining the 
troops then facing us in their position, and two companies 

' 95 W. K., 1039. . 2 95 ^y_ j^ |,)-,)_ 



60 The Battle at Petersburg 

of the Eighteenth New Hampshire Volunteers were advanced 
against the works on the [our] right of Spring Hill, receiving 
a strong fire and stopping the further weakening of the line 
on our front." 

Lieutenant-Colonel Clough, in his report * of the action, said : 

" In the demonstrations made upon the enemy's lines by the 
Third Brigade, First Division, Ninth Army Corps, on the 
1st and 2d inst.. Captain Greenough and one enlisted man 
were wounded in the trenches and four wounded in a line of 
skirmishers thrown out on the 2d inst." 

Captain Greenough was wounded in passing over the para- 
pet of the fort with Companies A, B, and D, which had been 
placed under his command as an advance party for an assault, 
which was later countermanded. This was at about 4 a.m., 
April 2, and was incident to the demonstrations mentioned 
by General Willcox in the passage above quoted. Privates 
Clarendon H. Cochran of Company B and Stephen B. Bart- 
lett of Company A were wounded at the same time. The 
last advance mentioned by Colonel Brintliff as occurring at 
11 A.M., April 2, was made by the skirmish line of the Eight- 
eenth, supported by three companies under Captain Potter. 
In this advance Private Wilfrid Barker of Company G was 
killed and Privates Chester Bailey and Eben C. Chase of 
Company C were wounded. Major Potter writes: 

" We were to move at a signal and go forward till we drew 
the rebel fire, and retreat on a signal to be given. We got the 
signal and promptly moved out over the open field between 
the two lines till the enemy opened fire, when we were 
recalled by the signal." 

Capt. W. S. Greenough was promoted to brevet- 
major " for gallantry " Mn this action, and General Parke, 
couimander of the Ninth Corps, recommended that " for con- 
spicuous gallantry — bringing off from the picket line under 
a heavy fire a comrade [Cochran of Company B] who had 

1 95 W. R., 1053. '' 95 W. R., 1024. 







CAPT. ELIAS F. SMITH, COMPANY B 
CAPT. JOHN O, WALLINGFORD, COMPANY C 



CAPT. WM. S. GREENOUGH, COMPANY D 
CAPT. WM. A. GILE, COMPANY E 



Private Barker 61 

been shot through both legs," '■ — the medal of honor shoitld 
be given to Privates John Wilder Boiitwell and Carlton N. 
Camp of Company B." 

Private Barker 

Concerning the manful manner in which death was met by 
Wilfrid Barker of Company G, Major Potter writes: 

" When I placed the men on the skirmish line, I cautioned 
them to keep down in the trench which connected the picket 
stations, and not expose themselves till ordered to move. 
On my way to the right of the line, after placing the men, as 
I was passing Barker he raised himself up in the trench, and 
I heard him give a sigh and saw he was hit. As I was walking 
erect and was exposed above my hips, the shot must have been 
intended for me, for he was exposed only an instant and I 
w'as only a step or two from him. I directed the men in the 
regular picket station to go to him. They reported to me 
afterw^ards that they went to him to bring him behind the 
station, which w'as as high as the head; that he declined to 
move, said he was going to die, and wanted to die right there. 
He gave them the address of his people at home, antl told 
them how to dispose of his effects; told them to set him up in 
the trench, and to tell his friends that he ' died with his face to 
the enemy.' Later his comrades bore him to a hospital in 
the rear where he expired." 

Colonel Clough gives the follow'ing account of events 
occurring later on April 2 : An aid of General Willcox 
brought Colonel Clough the message that the general, believ- 
ing that the enemy had abandoned the works in front of those 
held by the Eighteenth New Hampshire, directed that the 
regiment should go forward to occupy them at 4 p.:\i. Colonel 
Clough requested leave to first send forward a skirmish line 
to draw the fire of the enemy if they still held their works, 
which was granted; whereupon about fifteen men, from dif- 
ferent companies, were sent forward under Captain Farmer. 
The rest of the command was formed in line behind the works, 

' 95 W. ]?., 1032. 



62 Tlie Battle at Petersburg 

ready to move forward, and Colonel Clough stood on top of 
the works to give the signal to go forward with a handkerchief, 
which he held in hand. The skirmish line drew on itself a 
fierce fire from the enemy in their works in front. This 
induced General Willcox's aid to countermand the order for 
the advance. If it had been made, the command would 
inevitably have suffered great loss. 

On the morning of April 3, shortly after midnight, it was 
discovered by members of the Third Brigade of Willcox's 
division that the Confederates had abandoned their works, 
and soon afterwards the brigade marched through Peters- 
burg, and then, crossing the Appomattox, moved northward 
towards Richmond on the turnpike, about two miles, and 
camped at Violet Bank, where it remained until April 4.^ 

The battles as seen from the ranks are outlined in the 
following narratives. Hale Chadwick writes: 

'' On the night of March 29 another attempt was made to 
capture Fort Stedman, which failed, and our regiment must 
have the credit for the victory. . . . Towards midnight the 
firing began, and every man to his post was the order. The 
enemy's artillery from in front, and from the forts and bat- 
teries to the right and left, was concentrated upon our position 
in Stedman, also a heavy fire of musketry; a storm of missiles 
hlled the air with their music of death, unseen, except the 
mortar shells, whose flight could be traced by their trail of fire 
from the burning fuse as they came circling over from the 
rebel batteries, some bursting in the air and scattering their 
deadly fragments around, others striking the ground before 
exploding. . . . Webster of Co, B was killed by a piece of 
shell. ... So many pieces of artillery being in action with 
the musketry fire, the report of a single gun could not be dis- 
tinguished — it was one continuous roar. ... I assisted as a 
volunteer in carrying ammunition from the ravine [in the rear] 
to the men in the lines. Sergeant-Major Wheeler had a few 
men in charge detailed for this purpose. . . . The fire that 
swept the space between the ravine and the fort was very 
heavy — musketry, mortar shells, and shot from their rifled 
> 95 W. R., 1051. 



The Battle at Petersburg 63 

guns hissed antl screamed through the air, or tore up the 
ground. It hardly seemed possible to cross without being 
killed. At this time our men were getting short of cartridges, 
and it was feared that if their ammunition gave out the 
enemy would break the lines. They made several attempts 
to charge, but were repulsed each time, with heavy loss. 
Our musketry fire, the guns of Stedman, Haskell, Batteries 
10, 11, and 12, with the fire from the forts on the hills in 
the rear, which were sending shot and shell over our heads into 
the enemy's ranks, was something no body of men, however 
brave, could face without being annihilated. . . . April 2 a 
general attack was made along the whole line, and General 
Lee's army was withdrawn from their defenses outflanked. 
. . . April 3 we went through the Confederate works and 
the city of Petersburg. I have now some trophies that I 
took from their quarters there, — paper Confederate money 
and a furlough given to Moses Klutts of the Fifty-seventh 
North Carolina Regiment, signed by company, regimental, 
brigade and division commanders and by order of General 
Lee. Reason given why he should have the furlough was that 
he was a tanner by trade, had hides in the vats, and had sold 
leather to soldiers' families at reduced prices. Approved for 
fifteen days." 

Mr. James Lovitt of Company H writes: 

[Company H left New Hampshire March 23 for Galloupe's 
Island, Boston Harbor, and for City Point, where it took train 
to the front, arriving there March 30.] " That night [March 
30] we lay back of Fort Stedman. The next day we had our 
arms and ammunition, and we went through the drill of load- 
ing and firing. We could see the Johnnys' [familiar designation 
lor the Confederates] lines, and that night about nine or ten 
o'clock they struck in and we heard the shells going like the old 
deuce, and the sky was all red. Our captain yelled, ' Fall in.' 
We jumped around and got into line, and up we went through 
Fort Stedman to the breastworks. We were ordered to 
load and fire as fast as we could. Then it set in to rain, and 
we lay there all night in the wet. Our knapsacks and blankets 
were back of the fort. All day Sunday [April 2] there was 
heavy firing on our left, and on that day we were going to 
charge and orders were to ' Fix bayonets ' [the charge was 



64 The Battle at Petersburg 

not ordered]. Then the picket Une had charge and the Johnnys 
cracked away. All Sunday night we could see the Johnnys 
going back and forth, and early Monday morning our lines 
started after them." 

The diary of Mr. N, Addison Parker of Company B runs as 
follows : 

'' March 30. Very dark night. Rebs flashed through 
our picket line, formed a line of battle between our pickets 
and our line of works. We opened fire on them. , . . Com- 
pany H reported with us amid the battle. 

" March 31. AVe were put into a line to make a charge on 
their line of works. There were twenty of our pickets ad- 
vanced. Cochran was shot through near the hips. [This 
happened April 1.] Boutwell and Carlton Camp went out 
from the picket line, and dragged him in amid their hail of 
bullets. These three were Company B boys. 

'' April 1. Shelling all night. 

" April 2. Companies A and B taken out for a charge. 
Captain Potter was to command. . . . Finally Lieutenant 
Farmer went around with us, but we were too late for any 
service. 

'' April 3. Our pickets advanced in the night and took their 
line of works. Their troops had left." 

It was a severe trial of the men of Company H to put them 
in battle on the day after they were armed, and their good 
conduct is most convincing evidence of their stanchness and 
courage. 

The failure of the authorities to confer medals of honor on 
Privates Boutwell and Camp contrasts strangely with the 
later generous distribution of these medals, which continues 
after thirty-nine years. It is for deeds like theirs that the 
British Government confers the Victoria Cross. 

The experience of the Eighteenth in the fort and trenches 
during the seven days, March 27 to April 3, was a very trying 
one for new soldiers. The main works, which were made of 
heavy earth embankments revetted by logs, gave protection 
against direct fire, but the fragments of shells bursting over- 



The Battle at Petersburg Co 

head were sometimes deadly, while from the mortar shells 
which were thrown over and dropperl A^ertically behind the 
works there was no protection outside the bomb proofs, the 
shelter of which could not always be taken. As has been 
stated above. Fort Stedman was only about one hundred 
and fifty yards from the main line of the enemy's works, 
and at this distance it w^as dangerous to expose a hand above 
the parapet. The pits or earthworks behind which the 
pickets kept watch were only fifty yards from the enemy's 
picket lines, and at this close range the men, during their tour 
of picket duty, had to lie close behind their shelters. These 
picket pits or works could be approached in daylight only 
by the zigzag ditches leading to them from shelter in their 
rear, which had been dug for that purpose. Without warn- 
ing, day and night, storms of shells and bullets flew over the 
lines, grazing the tops of the w^orks and scattering fragments 
among the men who were lying behind them, or, dropping 
vertically behind the works, exploded there. At all tunes the 
pickets had to keep every sense alert to detect the first sign 
of a rush of the enemy across the narrow space between the 
works, and at night, when darkness distorted and magnified 
every object, this watch was a trying one. In truth, it was 
only the intrepid and calm spirit, characteristic of American 
soldiers, that averted a thousand false alarms, which the 
tension of such a situation might have provoked with men 
of a different type. The conduct of the Eighteenth in the 
works at this time, as inexperienced as it was in the trade of 
war, was a creditable chapter in the history of New Hampshire 
soldiers. 

By order of the War Department the names of the following 
engagements were placed upon the colors of regiment : 

Fort Stedman, March 25, 1865. 
Attack on Petersburg, April 2, 1805. 
Capture of Petersburg, April 3, 1865. 



66 A Story of President Lincoln 

General Meade's order of April 3, for the march westward to 
pursue and cut off the retreating Confederates, directed that 
a division of the Ninth Corps should occupy Petersburg and 
guard the railroad depots/ Willcox's division performed this 
duty two days, and then moved along the Southside Railroad, 
following the rest of the army, until April 9, leaving detach- 
ments to guard the railroad, until the division stretched from 
Sutherland's Station to Blacks and Whites Station, a distance 
of twenty-five miles. The headquarters of the regiment 
during this period was at Ford's Station, near which it was 
when Lee's army surrendered at Appomattox Court House 
seventy miles ahead, and remained until April 20 ^ upon 
guard against renewed movements of Confederates still at 
large, and repressing pillaging by friend and foe. 

A Story of President Lincoln 

President Lincoln was at City Point during the momentous 
period of March 24 to April 7} An incident then occurred 
which deserves to be permanently recorded among the many 
in the life of that great patriot which sprang from the kind- 
ness and sympathy of his great soul and the unaffected 
simplicity of his character. That a living member of the 
Eighteenth was a witness, and now tells the story, is the 
warrant for inserting it in this history. Major Greenough 
who, as above related, was wounded April 2, was carried to 
the hospital at City Point nine miles in the rear. Following 
his description of the hospital below is the story as written 
by him. 

The hospital buildings were of uniform size and construc- 
tion, placed equi-clistant from each other on ))oth sides of, 
and "end to," a wide open way or avenue; in size about 
twenty by eighty feet, with end and side walls of pine logs 

' 97 W. R., 9G, 508, G4U. 

2 95 W. R., 1019, 1041, 1051; 97 W. R., 608. 651, 833. 



A Story of President Lincoln 67 

placed in the ground in upright position, the logs of the side 
walls being sawed off at a height of about eight feet from the 
ground, capped and bound together by hewn plates. Lighter 
logs formed the rafters of the sloping roof, over which frame- 
work a covering of cotton cloth was tightly drawn, affording 
an excellent interior light. In the side walls were a few 
small windows and one in each gable end for purposes of 
ventilation. 

The floors were of rough pine boards. In the center of 
each end of the building was a door, — not generous in dimen- 
sion, — and from door to door ran the main passageway or 
aisle. On either side of this main aisle were placed the 
narrow iron cots, sixty in all to each building. Major Green- 
ough writes: 

'' In the first of the long row of buildings, the one 
known as the ' officers' ward,' there were, on the after- 
noon of April 2, 1865, sixty officers of the Ninth Corps, all 
of whom had been wounded in the Fort Stedman fight of 
March 25, or in the operations on the Petersburg lines of 
April 1 and 2. As one entered the building from the main 
avenue there lay in the first cot of the right-hand row a young 
officer in whom all the other occupants of the building (who 
were not too much engrossed in their own troubles) were 
deeply interested, Capt. Charles H. Houghton of the Four- 
teenth New York Heavy Ai-tillery. Captain Houghton had 
borne a highly distinguished part in the daybreak fight at 
Fort Stedman, and, later in the morning, in the heroic defense 
of Fort Haskell, where he received three severe wounds. 
Two of these wounds had been received very early in the 
action, but the captain had resolutely refused to leave his 
command until Gordon's Confederates had all been killed, 
captured, or driven back. Fort Stedman retaken, and our 
lines reestablished. His splendid bravery had been highly 
commended by his superior officers, and for it he was pro- 
moted by the President to the rank of brevet-major. 

". When placed in the next cot to Major Houghton's, late in 
the afternoon of April 2, I was familiar with the story of his 
bravery, — as were most of the men of our division, — and, 



68 A Story of President Lincoln 

so long as life lasts, shall I be thankful for the privilege of a 
fortnight's study of his patience, modest}', cheerfulness, 
and heroism. Major Houghton's age was probably about 
twenty-two or twenty-three. About six feet in height, and 
slender, with classic features, very black hair and large black 
eyes, he was a noble-looking young soldier. He had suffered 
amputation of the left leg, — above the knee, — and, in con- 
sequence, was extremely pale, his life, indeed, was thought 
to hang by a thread, and the first inquiry in the morning 
and throughout the day from the occupants of the cots was, 
' How is Houghton? Will he pull through? ' 

" It happened that my injury necessitated lying on my 
left side, and so, separated as our cots were, by little more 
than an arm's length, I was privileged to watch, to study, to 
pity, and to love this man. On the night of the 6th of April, 
there came a serious crisis in Houghton's case through a 
secondary hemorrhage of an artery of the amputated limb. 
Surgeons and nurses worked until daylight to assuage the 
flowing lifeblood. All in the ward were deeply interested, 
and there was many a sigh of relief from his companions 
when, in the early morning, word went down the line of cots 
that the artery had been ' taken up,' and there was yet ground 
for hope. About nine o'clock of the following forenoon the 
door — which I lay facing — opened, and from the surgeon 
in charge of the corps hospitals — Dr. ]\IcDonald — came the 
command, 'Attention: the President of the United States.' 
To myself, and probably to most of us, this was unexpected, 
for we had not known that President Lincoln had been 
visiting the army. 

" Raising my eyes to the doorway, I had my first sight of 
the President, and it was not an impressive one ! His clothes 
were travel-stained, ill fitting, and very dusty; his hat was an 
immensely exaggerated type of the ' stove-pipe ' variety ; 
his neckwear was awry, and his face showed pressing need 
of the services of a barber. In short, his whole appearance 
seemed to justify the caricaturists of those days in their 
worst cartoons. 

" Unescorted, except by the surgeon, the President, bow- 
ing his tall form to enter the low doorway, stepped in. turned 
a step or two to the right and, tenderly placing his hand on 
Houghton's forehead, stood for an instant looking into his 



The Completion of the Regiment 69 

face; then, bending down to the low cot, — as a mother would 
to her child, — he kissed Houghton's white cheek. 

" In voice so tender and so low that only my near prox- 
imity enabled me to hear, he began to talk to him, telling him 
how he had heard from Dr. ]\IcDonald all the story of his 
bravery in battle, his heroic fight for life and quiet cheerful- 
ness m hospital, and of the sad happening of the night. 

" Poor Houghton could only reply with faint smiles and 
whispers that were too low to reach my ears, but Mr. Lincoln 
heard, and a smile came to his grave face. Turning to the 
surgeon the President asked to be shown the major's wounds, 
especially the amputated limb. Dr. ^IcDonald tried to dis- 
suade him by saying the sight, especially after what had just 
taken place, would be too shocking. But the President 
insisted, turned down the light coverings, and took a hasty 
look. Straightening up, with a deep groan of pain, and 
throwing up both his long arms, he cried out, * Oh, this 
awful, awful w^ar!' Then bending again to Houghton with 
the tears cutting wide furrows down his dust-stained cheeks, 
and with great sobs shaking him, he exclaimed, ' Poor boy! 
Poor boy! You must live! You must! ' This time the major's 
whispered answer, ' I intend to, sir,' was just audible. (And 
here let me saj^ in parenthesis — he did live, many long and 
useful years.) With a tender parting handstroke and a 
' God bless you, my boy,' the President moved to the next 
cot in line, and to the next, and soon down the right and 
back on the left side of the ward, with a warm handclasp and 
a simple, kind, fatherly word for each one. Then he passed 
out the same door he had entered perhaps fifteen or twenty 
minutes before. 

" But for us it was a different place — we had seen there 
the soul of our chief. 

" Decoration Day, 1904." 



The Completion of the Regiment 

Company I left Xew Hampshire March 23 and joined the 
regiment April 12. The recruitment of the Tenth Company 
(K) had lagged excessively, it was mustered into service 
at Concord April 6, and was immediately moved to Gallops 



70 The Completion of the Regiment 

Island in Boston Harbor, where, in consequence of Lee's 
surrender, it was detained until it was apparent that there 
was no need to send more soldiers to the field, and then was 
mustered out May 6. 

Colonel Livermore had remained uj^on the staff of General 
Humphreys, commanding the Second Corps, and had taken 
part in the various actions of that corps during the final 
campaign, including the battle of Farmville, April 7, at the 
close of which, judging that Lee's army had made its last 
fight, he rode back fifty miles to Ford's Station and was 
mustered into the Eighteenth, and took command April 9, 
relieving Lieutenent-Colonel Clough. On this day, at Appo- 
mattox Courthouse, seventy miles west of the ground occu- 
pied by the Eighteenth, the final act in the great conflict 
between the armies in Virginia took place in the surrender of 
Lee's army. 'The regiment was then scattered by companies 
along the Southside Railroad for a mile or more at and near 
Ford's Station. Up to this time there had been little, if 
any, chance to impart the knowledge of drill or exact disci- 
pline to the regiment, owing to the protracted assembling of 
the companies in the field, labor on roads and fortifications, 
arduous and frequent marches, and duty in the trenches 
before the enemy, which had occupied the time of the com- 
mand from the arrival of the first five companies at City Point, 
and it is to be confessed that on the 9th of April the command 
was far from perfect in drill, discipline, and the routine and 
eitquette of military duty, and that its arms were dirty and 
its clothes ragged. But the stress of active hostilities having 
ceased, the opportunity to give attention to these particulars 
was seized, and the regiment soon manifested the beneficial 
effect of instruction, drill, and inspection, which from this 
time were the regular features of every day not devoted to 
marches. 

April 15 the news of the assassination of President Lincoln 
reached the regiment. With the great grief which the event 




w^ 



CHARLES WILSON, COMPANY I THOS. M. LEAR, COMPANY I 

M. A. NORTHROP, COMPANY K 

ANDREW J. CANNEY, COMPANY H EDWIN E. MAXFlELO, COMPANY H 



The Return to Washington 71 

brought to every man in the army, there came a deep resent- 
ment against the Confederates, for, at first, it was naturally 
supposed that the deed was to be laid to them. Although this 
suspicion was dispelled by the evidence which was made 
public at a later day, the influence of it for a long time uncon- 
sciously repressed the cordiality with which the men of the 
Union Army were at first disposed to welcome the return of 
the Confederates to the privileges of citizenship in the Union. 

The Return to Washington 

April 19 General Grant sent the following order to General 
Meade by telegraph: 

Send the Xinth Army Corps to Washington as rapidly as their places 
can Vje filled by such troops as you may designate to take their place. 
Let the shipment of such as can be spared before their places are filled 
be commenced at once.^ 

The corps marched for City Point April 20,^ and embarked 
on steamers April 21-25.^ The purpose was to send the corps 
to North Carolina, where the Confederate Army, under John- 
ston, was supposed still to oppose Sherman's. In fact. General 
Sherman on the 18th had agreed with General Johnston 
upon terms for the surrender of the latter's command, but 
the news of this did not reach Washington until the 20th,* 
and on the 21st President Johnson disapproved of the 
terms, and orders were issued for the renewal of active 
operations against Johnston's army. On the 26th of April, 
Sherman and Johnston made the final agreement for sur- 
render, and the plan of sending the Ninth Army Corps to 
North Carolina was abandoned. 

On the march back from Ford's Station to City Point,, 
wdiich the Eighteenth made April 20 and 21, the regiment 
passed over the battlefield of Sutherland's Station, and there- 

' !t7 W. K., S32. = 97 W, H., SGI. ' 95 W. K., 112; 97 W. R., 87(1, S9;^. 
M(l() W. H., 2.57. 



72 The Return to Washington 

gathered enough of the arms which lay scattered on the field 
to make good on its return those which had been lost or 
injured. At City Point the regiment embarked on the steamer 
United States in the evening of April 21, and was trans- 
ported on her to Alexandria, reaching there on the 23d, 
and camping near Camp California of 1862, remained there 
until the 26th, on which day it marched to Tennallytown, 
D. C. The marches were greatly lightened by the excellent 
marching music of the band, a feature which commanding 
officers in the Army of the Potomac rarely employed. 

At Tennallytown, the regiment settled down to a routine of 
drill, discipline, inspections, and reviews, ameliorated by such 
indulgences in the way of furloughs for visits to the capital 
as could be safely granted, and by the unaccustomed luxuries 
in food, shelter, and clothing, which the proximity to markets 
and quartermaster's and commissary's depots allowed. As 
all the Confederate armies north of Texas had laid down their 
arms, and there seemed to be no probability of any further 
active service in the field, it was not apparent to the rank and 
file of the regiment that drill and discipline were necessary any 
longer, and it was natural that some should think that they 
should not be insisted on. But to those of deeper insight, 
it seemed otherwise. The Confederate Army in Texas still 
remained a menace to our peace, and across the Rio Grande 
the French troops were maintained in direct violation of the 
Monroe Doctrine, and such was the danger of hostilities there 
on a large scale, that May 17 General Sheridan was assigned 
to conmiand west of the Mississippi with an army of about 
seventy thousand men, not only to compel the surrender of 
the Confederate troops in that region, but also to induce 
Maximilian and the French to quit Mexico.^ The chance 
that further troops might be sent to Texas, connected with 
the persistent rumor that a part of the force about Washing- 
ton was to be sent there, made it apparent to commanding 

' Sheridan's Memoirs, \ol. 2, 208-210. 



The Return to Washington 73 

officers in the Ninth Corps that it was their duty to put and 
maintain the troops in condition for such a call at any hour. 
Besides this, the presence of two hundred thousand soldiers 
about Washington made it imperative, in the interests of 
good order, that the accustomed routine of military life should 
not be essentially relaxed. It is a creditable record for the 
men of the Eighteenth that in the main they cheerfully and 
faithfully conformed to the requirements made of them in 
these particulars. 

Lieutenant-Colonel Clough was in command from April 29 
to May 15, during the disability of Colonel Livermore from an 
accident. Soon after the arrival of the Eighteenth at Ten- 
nallytown, it was selected to alternate with a regiment from 
another army corps in tours of four days' duty in guarding 
Four and a Half Street, Washington, from Pennsylvania 
Avenue to the arsenal, where the court-martial was trying 
the conspirators against President Lincoln. It began this 
duty May 6, and continued it until June 6 and during the 
entire session of the court. The selection of the Eighteenth 
out of the great army around Washington, for this impor- 
tant and conspicuous duty, gave high testimony to the char- 
acter, discipline, and soldierly appearance of the regiment. 
It was the means of preventing it from taking part in the 
great final review before the President, for on the day of the 
review it was retained on guard. In the general disbandment 
of the volunteers. Companies A, B, C, D, E, and F, and Quar- 
termaster Cate were mustered out of service at Tennallytown 
June 10, excepting those members who had enlisted for three 
years. Those men were transferred to the remaining compa- 
nies, G, H, and I, which were then placed on duty as provost 
guard at Georgetown, D. C. They there remained on duty 
until July 29, when they were mustered out. They arrived 
in Concord August 2, and were disbanded on, and paid to, 
August 8. Lieutenant-Colonel Clough and the rest of the 
commissioned staff were mustered out July 29. 



74 After Muster Out 

Colonel Livermore was appointed president of a general 
court-martial June 8 by the commander of the First Division, 
Ninth Army Corps, and by order of the same commander, 
June 15, was assigned to the command of the Third Brigade 
of that division. He and Major Potter were mustered out 
June 23. 

Mortality and Health 

During the regiment's service, three of its members were 
killed in battle, thirty-four died of disease, accidents, 
and causes not recorded, and six were discharged for disa- 
bility. 

The following is the record on file of the companies at the 
front at the end of each month of the regiment's service 
(March missing). 



Month 


Companies 


Present 






Absent 


Present 






For Duty 


^ Sick In arrest 


Total 


Sick 


Otherwise and 


















Absent 


October 


6 


477 


23 




500 


18 




41 559 


November 


6 


412 


63 




475 


44 




2 521 


December 


6 


373 


60 




433 


87 




520 


January 


6 


425 


25 




450 


67 




2 519 


February 


7 


487 


53 




540 


63 




4 607 


April 


9 


670 


9 


1 


680 


106 




76 862 


May 


9 

1 


568 
Includino; ( 


60 
?xtra and 


1 

speci 


629 
al duty. 


124 




14 767 



After Muster Out 

At the close of the Civil War in 1865 the Union army 
numbered nearly one million men. The quick disbandment 
of this great host and the mingling of its members with the 
communities at home in orderly fashion and without disturb- 
ance, gave demonstration on an unprecedented scale of the 
civic virtue of volunteer soldiers. As if tlieir peaceful courses 
had not be n interrupted, the fa mer returned to his fields, 
the mechanic to his bench, the smith to his forge, and the 
clerk to his books. This was true in a notable measure of 
the Eighteenth New Hampshire, and it can be said of the 











I Ht 1 




r 


1 m ] 


i 







PRINCIPAL MUSICIAN N, W. GOVE 
CORP GEO S SMITH, COMPANY D CORP FRANKLIN P. WOODS COMPANY D 
HENRY C. LOVEJOY, COMPANY E CORP. 01 HALL, COMPANY H 



After Muster Out 75 

young men who had served in it that contentment with life 
in New Hampshire was as general with them as it was with 
the average men of their age who had not been subjected to 
the influence of military life and adventure. The Register 
of New Hampshire Soldiers and Sailors (published in 
1895) records the residence, or decease, in New Hampshire 
of 380 of the survivors of the regiment, and in other states, 
of 105 of them. With the latter class there probably should 
be counted nearly all of the 285 whose residence, not being 
given in the Register, presumably was not in New Hamp- 
shire, (This makes no account of those who deserted before 
going to the front, and who, with slight exception, did not 
belong in the State at time of enlistment.) 

The low ratio of deaths among the members of the regi- 
ment since muster out, is evidence of strong vitality in the 
survivors. In the Register and the minutes of the Regi- 
mental Association there is record of 306 deaths since 
muster out, and without doubt this list is substantially com- 
plete for all deaths occurring among those whose residence 
is recorded in the Register. It includes 104 for whom the 
Register gives neither residence nor place of decease, but in 
the nature of the case it is not a complete list of this class. 
Assuming the ratio of deaths in this class to have been the 
same as that in the remainder of the regiment's survivors, 
it follows that, all told, 184 have died in this class ; which 
gives a total of 386 deaths among 947 men during the thirty- 
nine years since muster out, and leaves 60 per cent now 
living. 

It is not improbable that survivors of the regiment will 
remain through another thirty years, to inspire the patriot- 
ism of the coming generation with memories of City Point 
and Petersburg, Grant and Lincoln. They, to the last man, 
will ever have reason for pride in thv' patriotic and honor- 
able service of the Eighteenth New Hampshire ^^olunteers. 



76 Previous Service of Officers 

Previous Service of Officers 
The previous military records of those of the original com- 
missioned officers and non-commissioned staff officers of the 
regiment who had served before were as follows : 

COLONEL LIVERMORE 

Private, First New Hampshire Volunteers, June 24 to 
August 9, 1861. First sergeant, second lieutenant, first lieu- 
tenant, captain, major, Fifth New Hampshire Volunteers, 
October 12, 1861, to April 7, 1865, brevetted lieutenant- 
colonel, and colonel to date from April 7, 1865. Served in 
1863 on the staffs of Generals Hancock, Hayes, and Warren, 
commanding the Second Army Corps; in 1864 on the staffs 
of General Hincks, commanding Third Division, Eighteenth 
Army Corps; and Generals Smith, Martindale, and Ord, 
commanding Eighteenth Army. Corps ; and in 1864-5 on the 
staffs of Generals Hancock and Humphreys, commanding 
the Second Army Corps. 

LIEUTENANT-COLONEL CLOUGH 

First lieutenant, First New Hampshire Volunteers, April 
26 to August 9, 1861. Captain, Fourth New Hampshire 
Volunteers, September 18, 1861, to September 17, 1864. 

MAJOR BROWN 

Second lieutenant, first lieutenant, adjutant Ninth New 
Hampshire Volunteers, August 15, 1862, to October 20, 1864. 

ADJUTANT GEORGE F. HOBBS, WAKEFIELD 

First, New Hampshire Artillery, Company L, September 23 
to October 18, 1864. 

SURGEON JOHN S. EMERSON, SANDWICH 

Assistant surgeon, Ninth New Hampshire Volunteers, from 
July 10, 1862, until joining the Eighteenth. 





sJh4y4-, ^c^r 'Say'i-i/^^ArYYv&-\^^ 



ilonel 18'^ 



Preiious Service of Officers 77 

ASSISTANT SURGEON AARON W. SHEPHERD, NASHUA 

Hospital steward in Ninth New Hampshire A^ohmteers, 
July 26, 1862, until joining the Eighteenth. 

CAPTAINS 

Alvah K. Potter, Concord, Company A; first lieutenant in 
Company H, Seventh New Hampshire Volunteers, Novem- 
ber 12, 1861, to June 30, 1862. 

Elias F. Smith, Plainfield, Companj'- B; captain Company 
A, Sixteenth New Hampshire Volunteers, November 18, 1862, 
to August 20, 1863. 

John 0. Wallingford, Somersworth, Company C; sergeant 
major, and second lieutenant, Company I, Fifteenth New 
Hampshire Volunteers, October 30, 1862, to August 13, 1863. 

William S. Greenough, Chester, Company D; private, 
Fourth Massachusetts Volunteer Militia in United States 
service, September 11, 1862, to August 28, 1863. 

William A. Gile, Franklin, Company E; sergeant in 
Company E, Sixteenth New Hampshire Volunteers, Octo- 
ber 27, 1862, to August 20, 1863. 

George W. Bosworth, Lyndeboro, Companj^ F; captain. 
Sixteenth New Hampshire Volunteers, October 27, 1862, 
to August 20, 1863. 

Benjamin B. Thompson, Company I, Wolfboro; private, 
Company K, Twelfth New Hampshire Volunteers, March 
24, 1864, to February 21, 1865. 

John A. Colby, Company K, Swanzey; private, Veteran 
Reserve Corps, December 29, 1863, to April 6, 1865; previous 
record not found. 

FIRST LIEUTENANTS 

Augustus B. Farmer, Company A, Warner; private, cor- 
poral, sergeant, and first sergeant. Second New Hampshire 
Volunteers, Company B, June 1, 1861, to June 21, 1864. 



78 Previous Service of Officers 

Reuben B. Porter, Sutton, Company B; private, Company 
D, First New Hampshire Volunteers, May 2 to August 9, 1861; 
first sergeant, second lieutenant, Company H, Sixteenth New 
Hampshire Volunteers, November 15, 1862, to August 20, 
1863. 

Samuel S. Caswell, Strafford, Company C; private, New 
Hampshire Light Battery, August 12, 1863, to October 4, 
1864. 

William A. Haven, Company D, Portsmouth; second 
lieutenant. Sixteenth New Hampshire Volunteers, November 
13, 1862, to August 20, 1863. 

David C. Harriman, Warner, Company E; second lieutenant 
and first lieutenant, Eleventh New Hampshire Volunteers, 
August 29, 1862, to June 27, 1863. 

Samuel H. Dow, Campton, Company F ; private. Forty-first 
Massachusetts Volunteers (Third Mass. Cav.), September 4, 
1862, to May 24, 1863. 

Clarion H. Kimball, Hopkinton, Company G; private and 
corporal, Company E, First United States Volunteer Sharp- 
shooters, August 27, 1862, to October 16, 1864. 

Washington Perkins, Londonderry, Company H; second 
lieutenant. Company H, Fifteenth New Hampshire Vol- 
unteers, October 11, 1862, to August 13, 1863. 

Frederick L. Dodge, Portsmouth, Company I; private. 
Forty-fourth Massachusetts Volunteer Militia, September 12, 
1862, to June 18, 1863. 

Henry S. Brown, Concord, Company K; private, Company I, 
First New Hampshire Volunteers, May 4 to August 9, 1861; 
Eleventh Massachusetts, August 19, 1863, to March 14, 1865. 

SECOND LIEUTENANTS 

Hiram K. Ladd, Company A, Haverhill; private, first 
sergeant and first lieutenant. Companies G and I, Second 
New Hampshire \'ohinteers, June 5, 1861, to June 21, 1864. 



Pi'evious Service of Officers 79 

"Wilson Gray, Company C, Strafford; corporal and sergeant, 
Second New Hampshire Volunteers, May 10, 1861, to October 
30, 1862. 

John Underhill, Company D, Chester; sergeant, Company 
I, Eleventh New Hampshire Volunteers, September 6, 1862, 
to March 26, 1863. 

Oliver A. Gibbs, Company F, Dover ; corporal, Strafford 
Guards, May 5 to July 28, 1864. 

Thomas F. Dodge, Company G, Concord; private and 
corporal, Seventh New Hampshire Volunteers, November 1, 
1861, to November 11, 1864. 

Robert K. Flanders, Company H, Concord; corporal and 
sergeant, Thirteenth New Hampshire Volunteers, September 
19, 1862, to January 11, 1865. 

Edward Nettleton, Company K, Newport; first lieutenant, 
Company D, First New Hampshire Volunteers, May 2 to 
August 9, 1861 ; private. Sixteenth New Hampshire Volun- 
teers, November 21, 1862, to August 20, 1863. 

NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF 

Quartermaster Sergeant Samuel N. Brown, Concord, 
promoted from private in Company B, November 1, 1864; 
had served in Sixteenth New Hampshire Volunteers as 
private, October 25, 1862, to August 20, 1863. 

Hospital Steward Frank H. Newman^, Hillsboro, pro- 
moted from private in Company F, November 1, 1864; had 
served in Company B, Sixteenth New Hampshire Volunteers, 
as private, October 20, 1862, to August 20, 1863. 

Principal Musician Nathan W. Gove, Concord, had served 
in Third New Hampshire Volunteers as musician and second 
principal musician, August 26, 1861, to November 19, 1862. 

Principal Musician William S. Mudgett, New Boston, 
promoted from private in Company D, January 1, 1865; 
had served in Fourth New Hampshire ^^oluntccrs as musi- 
cian, September 18, 1861, to September 16, 1862. 



80 Roster of Eighteenth New Hamps?dre Volunteers 






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INDEX 



Abstinence, Total, 37. 

Age of men in 18th N. H. Vols., 18, 

19, 22. 
Alexandria, 72. 
American soldiers, 65. 
Antietam, 32. 
Appomattox campaign, 40. 
Appomattox Court Eouse, 66, 70. 
Appomattox River, 36, 37, 38, 42, 45, 

57, 62. 
Arkansas, 8. 
Arms, 35, 70, 72. 

Army of Northern Virginia, 34, 51. 
Army of Potomac, 28, 31, 32, 34, 50, 

72. 
Arsenal at Washington, 68. 
Assassination of President Lincoln, 

70,71. 
Avery House, 47, 48. 

Bailey, Chester, 60. 

Bailey's Creek, 36, 47. 

Baltimore, 27. 

Band of ISth N. H. Vols., 28, 40, 72. 

Barker, Wilfrid, 54, 60, 61. 

Bartlett, Stephen B., 60. 

Batchelder, Col. R. N., 50. 

Battery 10, 52, 63. 

Battery 11, 52, 63. 

Battery 12, 52, 63. 

Battery 24, 47. 

Battery 25, 47. 

Battery 26, 47. 

Bean, Lorenzo D., 37. 

Bell, Charles H., 20, 21, 22, 25, 29. 

Benham, Gen. Henry W., 34, 35, 37, 

43, 44, 45, 46. 
Bermuda Hundred, 43, 45, 46, 57. 
Bintliff, Col. James, 59, 60. 
Blacks and Whites Station, 66. 
Bolton, Col. William J., 59. 
Boston Harbor, 63, 70. 
Bosworth, Capt. George F., 28, 77. 
Bounties, 9, 28. 
Bounty jumpers, 9, 20. 
Bout well, .John Wilder, 61, 64. 
Boydton Plank Road, 46. 
Brainerd, Col. Wesley, 46, 47. 
Broadway Landing, 45. 
Brown, Lieut. Henry S., 78. 
Brown, Quartermaster Serg. Samuel 

N.,79. 
Brown. Major William I., 29, 36, 45, 

54, 55. 56, 57, 76. 
Brown University, 55. 
Bull Run, 32. 
Burnside, Gen. Ambrose E., 32. 



Camp California, 72. 

Camp, Carlton N., 61, 64. 

Camp Head. 22, 23, 28. 

Carolinas, The, 51. 

Carr, Lieut.-Col. James W., 21, 29. 

Caswell, Lieut, and Adjt. Samuel 
S., 30, 78. 

Cate, Quartermaster Moses T., 73. 

Censure of 3d Brigade, 1st Division, 
9th Army Corps, 52, 53. 

Chadwick, Hale, 26, 44, 62. 

ChancellorsviUe, 32. 

Character of men in ISth N. H. Vols., 
18, 19, 22, 27, 73. 

Chase, Eben C, 60. 

Chattanooga, 12. 

Christmas, 39. 

City Point, 26, 27, 28, 31, 32, 34, 35, 
36, 37, 38, 40, 43, 44, 45, 47, 48, 63, 
66, 71, 72. 

Civil War, History of, by Comte de 
Paris, 19. 

Clerks in 18th N. H. Vols., 18. 

Clothing, 22, 70. 

Clough, Lieut -Col. Joseph M., 29, 
31, 45, 46, 54, 55, 56, 60, 61, 62, 70, 
73. 76. 

Cochran, Clarendon H., 60. 

Colbv. Capt. John A., 29, 77. 

Cold'Harbor, 33. 

CoUis, Gen. W. H. T., 40. 

Colors, Inscriptions on, 65. 

Company A. ISth N. H. Vols., 23, 24, 
26, 28, 30, 60, 62, 73. Company B, 
18th N. H. Vols., 23, 24, 26, 28, 36, 
60, 64, 73. Companv C, 18th N. 
H. Vols., 23, 24, 26, 28, 36, 60, 73. 
Companv D, ISth N. H. Vols., 22, 
23, 24, 26, 27, 28, 60, 73. Com- 
pany E, 18th N. H. Vols., 23, 24, 
26, 28, 30, 73. Companv F, ISth 
N. H. Vols., 23, 24, 26, 28, .36, 73. 
Company G, 18th N. H. Vols., 26, 
29, 31, 48, 60, 73. Company H, 
18th N. H. Vols., 29, 31, 49, 62, 64, 
73. Company I, 18th N. H. Vols., 
29, 31, 49, 73. Company K, 18th 
N. H. Vols., 29, 49, 68. 

Comte de Paris, History of Civil War, 
19. 

Concord, 22, 26, 27, 28, 49, 69, 73. 

Confederate Army in 'J'exas, 72. 

Confederates, Feeling towards, 71. 

Confederate ports, 8. 

Congress, U. S. ship, 27. 

Conscription, 16. 

Consolidation, Order for, 49-51. 



121 



122 



Index 



Conspirators, Trial of, 73. 
Cooke's Mill, 36. 
Cooks, 39. 

Corduroj'^ road, 36, 37, 38. 
Courts Martial, 40, 73, 74. 
Craftsmen in 18th N. H. Vols., 18, 22. 
Cram, Serg. and Lieut. Joseph H., 30. 
Cumberland, U. S. ship, 27. 

Danville Railway, Richmond &, 45. 

Davis, Jefferson, 51. 

Davis, J. C. 27. 

Dearborn, Samuel Q., 8, 27, 37. 

Deaths in ISth N. H. Vols., 54, 60, 74. 

Deaths in New Hampshire, 11; in 

Union Army, 8; in 18th N. H. Vols., 

54, 60, 74. 
Deaths among survivors of 18th 

N. H. Vols., 75. 
Deserters, 9, 10, 12, 19, 20, 39, 40. 
Diaries, 27, 28, 38, 44, 48, 64. 
Dinwiddie Court House, 46, 57, 58. 
Disbandment of Union Army, 74. 
Discipline and drill, 34, 48, 70, 72, 73. 
Dodge, Lieut. Frederick L., 78. 
Dodge, Lieut. Thomas F., 31, 79. 
Dow, Lieut. Samuel H., 78. 
Drafts, 8, 11, 14. 

Drill and di.sciphne, 34, 48, 56, 72, 73. 
Durgin, C, 27. 

Early, Gen. Jubal A., 34, 42. 

Earthworks, 33, 64, 65. 

Effingham, 28. 

Eighteenth Army Corps, 76. 

Eighteenth New Hampshire Vol- 
unteers, 7, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20, 
21, 23, 34, 35, 36, 44, 45, 46, 47, 49, 
51, 52, 54, 56, 58, 59, 60, 61, 64, 65, 
68, 70, 71, 73, 74, 75, 79. 

Election, 37. 

Emerson, Surgeon John S., 77. 

Engagements, 51, 53. 

Engineer Brigade, Army of Potomac, 
28, 34, 46, 47, 48, 49. 

Engineering work, 36, 37, 38, 41, 48. 

Enlistment, 9. 

Enrollment in New Hampshire, 11. 

Executions, 40. 

Exemptions from draft, 11. 

Farmer, Lieut, and Capt. Augustus 

B., 30. 61, 64, 78. 
Farmers in 18th N. H. Vols., 18, 22. 
Farmville, 70. 

Ferrero, Gen. Edward, 45, 46. 
Field Officers, 18th N. H. Vols , 29, 70, 

76. 
Fifth Army Corps, 42, 46, 57, 58. 
Five Forks, Battle of, 58. 
Flanders, Lieut. Robert K., 31, 79. 
Ford's Station, 66, 70, 71. 
Forts: Dushane, 47. Fisher, 41, 

42, 45. Friend, 52. Harrison, .33. 

Haskell, 63, 67. " Hell," 44, .58. 



Howard, 46, 47. Monroe, 26, 45. 

Morton, 52, 54. Sedgwick, 44, 58. 

Stedman, 51, 52, 53, 54, 59, 62, 63, 

65, 67. Wadsworth, 33. 
Four-and-a-half Street, Washington, 

73. 
Fredericksburg, 32. 
French troops' in Mexico, 72. 
Fry, Provost Marshal-Gen. James B., 

14, 25. 
Furloughs, 22, 72. 
Furlough, A Confederate, 63. 

Gage, First Serg. and Lieut. Henry 

P., 30. 
Gallops Island, 63, 69. 
General Orders No. 13, Army of 

Potomac, 53. 
Georgetown, D. C, 73. 
Getty, Gen. George W., 47. 
Gibbs, Lieut. Oliver H., 30, 79. 
Gile, Capt. William A., 40, 77. 
Gilmore, Gov. Jolm A., 20, 23, 24, 

25, 29, 49. 
Gordon, Gen. John B., 67. 
Gove, Principal Musician Nathan 

W., 79. 
Grant, Gen. U. S., 8, 16, 17, 26, 28, 33, 

35, 40, 46, 51, 53, 71. 
Gray, Lieut. Wilson, 79. 
Greenough, Capt. and Brevet Major 

William S., 22, 26, 55, 60, 66, 77. 
Gregg, Gen. David McM., 35, 46. 
Griffin, Gen. Simon G., 47. 
Grimes, Gen. Bryan, 45. 
Groff, Harris J., 54. 
Guard duty, 28, 66, 73. 

Hall, Firfst Serg. Frank P., 31. 
Hancock, Gen. Winfield S., 16, 76. 
Harriman, Lieut. David C, 77. 
Harrison's Landing, 28, 32. 
Hartranft, Gen. John F., 51. 
Hatcher's Run, 43, 46, 47, 57. 
Haven, Lieut. William A., 37, 78. 
Hay, Secretary John, 40. 
Hayes, Gen. William, 76. 
Head. Adjt.-Gen. Natt, 25. 
Health in 18th N. H. Vols., 74. 
Heckman, 42. 
Hick.sford, 44. 
Hill, First Serg. Edwin, 31. 
Hincks, Gen. Edward W., 76. 
Hobbs, Adjt. George F., 30, 76. 
Hoke, Gen. Robert F., 45. 
Hooker, Gen. Joseph, 32. 
Hospital .at City Point, 66, 67. 
Houghton, Capt. and Brevet Major 
CharlesH., 67, 68, 69. 

Illinois, Steamer, 26. 
Inspections, 70, 72. 

.lames. Army of, 34. 
.James River, 27, 28, 31, .33. 



Index 



123 



Johnson, President Andrew, 71, 73. 
Johnston, Gen. Joseph E., 51, 71. 

Killed in 18th N. H. Vols., 54, 60, 74. 
Kimball, Lieut. Clarion H., 78. 
Kimball, Capt. Willis G. C, 29, 31. 
Klutts, Moses, Confederate soldier, 63. 

Laborers, Number in ISth N. H. Vols., 

18. 
Ladd, Lieut. Hiram K., 30, 79. 
Learnard, Capt. Silas F., 29, 31. 
Leavitt, J. A., 27. 
Lee, Gen Robert E., 8, 32, 33, 34, 

51, 53, 63, 66, 70. 
Lincoln, President Abraham, 37, 40, 

66, 68, 70. 73. 
Livermore, Col. Thoma.s L., 29, 30, 

49, 50, 70, 73, 74, 70. 
Log huts, 38, 39. 
Losses in Union Armv, 8; in 18th 

N. H. Vols., 74. 
Lovitt, James, 63. 

Maine, 1st Sharpshooters, 45. 
Martindale, Gen. John H., 76. 
Mar3dand troops, 32, 59. 
Massachusetts troops, 47, 52, 77, 78. 
Maximilian, 72. 

McClellan, Gen. George B., 32, 37. 
McDonald, Andrew, 54. 
McDonald, Surgeon, 68, 69. 
Meade, Gen. George G., 16, 17, 18, 

28, 32, 35, 40, 42, 46, 50, 51, 52, 53, 

66, 71. 
Mechanics, Number in 18th N. H. 

Vols., IS, 22. 
Medals of honor, 61, 64. 
Merritnac, Confederate steamer, 27. 
Mexico, 72. 

Michigan, Hall's Sharpshooters, 45, 47. 
Miles. Gen. Nelson A., 43. 
Military age. Number of men of, in 

New Hampslure, 10, 11. 
Mine Run, 32. 
Mississippi, Operations west of the, 

72. 
Mississippi River opened, 8. 
Missouri recovered, 8. 
Monroe Doctrine, 72. 
Mortality in 18th N. H. Vols., 74. 
Mortars, 65. 
Mudgett, Principal Musician William 

S., 79. 
Music on the march, 72. 
Muster out, 28, 73, 74. 

Nelson House, 36. 

Nettleton, Lieut. Edward, 79. 

New Berne, N. C, 42. 

New Hampshire, adjutant-general of, 
12; number of men in, 11. 13, 14. 

New Hampshire, Natives of, in 18th 
N. H. Vols., 18, 22; substitutes 
from, 9, 10; volunteering in, 12, 13. 



New Hampsliire, Revised Register 
of Soldiers and Sailors of, 9, 11. 

New Hampshire troops. Infantry 
regiments: First, 11, 50, 76, 78, 
79. Second, 21, 78. 79. Third, 
79. Fourth, 76. Fifth, 76, 79. 
Sixth, 51. Seventh, 76, 79. Ninth, 
29, 56, 76, 77. Eleventh, 78, 79. 
Twelfth, 77. Thirteenth, 79. Fif- 
teenth. 77, 78. Sixteenth, 77, 78, 
79. First Heavy Artillery, 13, 76. 
Artillery companies, 13, 25, 78. 
First Cavalry, 13. Strafford Guards, 
79. Also under " Record " in 
Roster pp. 80 et seq. 

New London Literary and Science 
Institution, 55. 

New York troops, 45, 46, 47, 52, 67. 

Newman, Hospital Steward Frank 
H., 79. 

Ninth Army Corps, 43, 44, 45. 46, 47, 
49, 51, 52, 53, 54, 57, 58, 59, 60, 66, 
67, 71. 73. 

Norfolk & Petersburg Railroad, 33, 52, 
54. 

North Carolina, 71. 

North Carolina troops, 63. 

Northern Virginia, Arnaj' of, 34, 51. 

Nottoway River, 41, 44. 

Number in Union and Confederate 
armies, 34, in 18th N. H. Vols., 18. 

Ord, Gen. E. O. C, 76. 

Palmer, Gen. Innis N., 42. 

Pardons, 40. 

Parke Station, 48. 

Parke, Gen. John G.. 46, 47, 51, 

53, 58. 60. 
Parker, Addison N., 64. 
Peninsula, The, 32. 
Pennsjrjvania, Invasion of, 32. 
Pennsylvania troops, 52, 59. 
Perkins, Lieut. Washington, 31, 78. 
Personnel of 18th N. II. Vols., 18. 
Petersburg, 12, 31, 33, 38, 41, 42, 46, 

51, 53, 57, 58,64, 65, 66, 67. 
Philadelpliia, 27, 28. 
Phvsical standard of 18th N. H. Vols., 

18, 22. 
Pickets, 52, 55, 64, 65. 
Pickett, Gen. George E., 58. 
Piedmont Railway, 45. 
Pontoon bridge, 30. 
Pope, Gen. John, 32. 
Porter, Lieut. Reuben Ti., 78. 
Potomac, Army of, 28, 31, 32. 34, 50, 

72. 
Potter Capt. and Major .\lvali K., 

26, 28, 30, .36. 00, 64. 74. 70. 
President of LTnited States. 10. 40. 
Professional men in IStli \. II. \'<)ls., 

22. 
Promotions in ISth N. II. NOis., 30. 
Provost Marshal-General, 9, 14. 



124 



Index 



Rapidan River, 8, 32. 

Rappahannock River, 32. 

Ream's Station, 16. 

Recruiting for ISth N. H. Vols., 24, 

25, 29, 49, 50, 69. 
Recruiting in the North, 8. 
Recruiting for old regiments, 13, 15, 

24. 
Recruits, 35. 
Residence of survivors of 18th N. H. 

Vols., 74, 75. 
Regiments, New, 13, 14, 15. 
Reviews, 72, 73. 
Revised Register of N. H. Soldiers and 

Sailors, 9, 11, 71. 
Rio Grande, 72. 
Richmond, 31, 32, 33, 34, 45, 51, 59, 

62. 
Richmond & Danville Railway, 45. 
Roanoke River, 42. 
Robinson, Col. Gilbert P., 52. 
Rocky Mountain, 42. 
Rodes, Gen. Robert E., 45. 
Rolfe, First Serg. Horace H., 31. 

Schools for military instruction, 56. 
Second Armv Corps, 16, 43, 46, 50, 57, 

58,70,76. 
Service, Previous, of members of 18th 

N. H. Vols., 18, 76. 
Shand House, 44. 

Sharpshooters, 1st U. S. Vols., 78. 
Shenandoah Valley, 34, 42, 44. 
Shepherd, Assistant Surgeon Aaron 

W., 77. 
Sheridan, Gen. Pliilip H., 38, 41,57, 

58, 72. 
Sherman, Gen. W. T., 51, 71. 
Silvey, Captain, 24. 
Sixth Army Corps, 42, 43, 44, 47, 57. 
Skirmish drill, 56. 
Smith, Capt. Elias F., 36, 77. 
Smith, Gen. William F., 76. 
Southside Railroad, 34, 51, 53, 57, 66, 

70. 
Stanton, Secretarv of War Edwin M., 

17, 23. 
Steamers, 26, 27, 28. 
Stetson, John, 27. 
Students, 18. 
Substitutes, 8, 10, 11, 12, 20, 27, 

39. 
Substitute brokers, 9, 27. 
Survivors of 18th N. H. Vols., 75. 



Sutherland's Station, 66, 71. 
Swift Creek, 42. 

Target practice, 56. 
Tennallytown, 72, 73. 
Texas, 72. 

Thom, Lieut. George H., 30. 
Thomas Collyer, Steamer, 27, 28. 
Thompson, Capt. A. B., 26. 
Thompson, Capt. Beniamin B., 
29, 77. 

Underliill, Lieut. John, 79. 

Union Army, Number in, 8, 19 ; deaths 
in, 8; age in, 19. 

Union Volunteer Refreshment Sta- 
tion in Philadelphia, 27. 

United States, Steamer, 72. 

Veterans, 15, 16. 

Veteran Reserve Corps, 11, 27, 77. 

Vicksburg, 12. 

Victoria Cross, 64. 

Vincent, Assistant Adjt.-Gen. Thomas 

M., 17. 
Violet Bank, 62. 
Volunteering, S, 12, 13. 24, 25. 
Volunteers, Call for, 10, 12. 

Wallingford, Capt. Jolm O., 26, 

77. 
War Department, 23, 29, 30, 49, 50. 
Warren, Gen. G. K., 42, 43, 44, 71, 

72, 73, 76. 
Washington City, 33 
AVeather, 44, 48. 
Webster, Daniel A., 54, 62. 
Weldon Railroad, 8, 33, 42, 44, 45, 46. 
Weldon & Wilmington Railroad, 41. 
Wheaton, Gen. Frank, 47. 
Wheeler, Serg.-Major, Leonard H., 

62. 
Whitney, First Serg. and Lieut. 

George S., 30. 
Wilderness, The, 12, 32, 33. 
Willcox, Gen. O. B., 51, 53, 54, 59. 

GO, 61, 62, 66. 
Wilmington, 40, 45. 
Winter quarters, 38, 39. 
Wisconsin troops, 59. 
Woodcraft, 38. 
Wounded in 18th N. H. Vols., 54, 60. 

Yorktown, 31. 



H 122 80 . 



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